Aggression and Violence in Football
Football is the most common team sport in the world. It is very popular in almost all countries, especially European and South American countries, and is watched by a wide audience. Before discussing violence in football, it is useful to explain the concepts of violence and aggression.
It can be seen that violence and aggression are not completely independent concepts. Violent incidents in sports competitions, especially football matches, in recent years; It has a negative impact on the universal values and unifying and integrative features of sports such as love, peace and brotherhood. One of the most important effects of the element of violence in sports is that sports are not internalized sufficiently. When fans confuse excitement with tension and prefer the result goal instead of the performance goal, this causes violence. In the sports public opinion, where people are conditioned only to win and where sportsmanship and moral values are unfortunately corrupted, the form of expression manifests itself as aggression and violence.
Football, which has influenced very large masses today, has also brought with it very serious problems. Especially in recent years, there have been serious spectator incidents both in our country and around the world. Many problems occur in national and international matches for any reason, and the result is violence on and off the field. In fact, sports and violence are close relatives. Because, as it is known, football is a game that includes violence.
Football is the sport with the highest level of economic and sociological dominance in our age and is a social, psychological and especially economic industry that goes beyond sporting activity. In this respect, football has a universal power that can even leave the arms and pharmaceutical industries behind. The concept of football based on attack and defense is like an unarmed war, allowing the audience to passively participate in this war. It is as if the dead and murdering gladiators of Rome are the football players of today's football field; The Romans, who watched the bloody, wild scene and supported it vehemently beyond watching, also became team fans.
In teams aiming for success, the disappointment, anxiety and stress that occur at the time of failure also increase the unsportsmanlike tendencies of fans and athletes. The fans' chants that invite the athletes to violence and the athletes' behavior that directly affects the psychology of the spectators cause them to assume an aggressive identity. For example; For the fans of the unsuccessful team, which has been conditioned by the management and the media to be very successful, every unsuccessful result will inevitably lead to loss of faith and the reaction of a disappointed fan towards the team. Especially young people in fan groups and adults with insufficient emotional and cognitive development and low cultural level cannot control their aggressive tendencies because they have not yet been socialized, and their aggressive attitudes and behaviors may become stronger by imitating the team leaders. As young fans continue to have such relationships with groups, their aggressive behavior depends on the environment they are in. It is observed that people who belong to fan groups are more aggressive than those who do not.
Aggressive behavior is considered a type of behavior that arouses negative judgment by the sports public and needs to be controlled. Therefore, aggression in sports; Whether it is a very important component of human motivation, what causes aggression, and how aggression increases needs to be analyzed through scientific research.
Violence
Violence is a concept used to express the degree of an action or a power. This concept is viewed in sports as the act of changing the outcome by using brute force, rather than convincing or reconciling those with opposing views.
Sport; It is an active, aggressive, force-based competitive game. Elements of violence are inherent and used in sports. For this reason, showing legal hard contact on the playground as an element of violence should be considered a terminological error.
Violence; It is considered as the use of physical force directed by a group or individuals against the bodies of others.
The word violence, in a general sense, describes the extreme emotional state, the intensity and harshness of a phenomenon, rude and harsh behavior and action. Violence specifically includes aggressive behavior, brute force, abuse of physical strength, burning, destroying, destructive actions, attacks with stones, sticks, guns and knives, and actions that harm individuals and society.
Violence can also be defined as the activation of factors that play a role in the development of violent personalities. In the research, the most important factors that feed violence are collected in three points. The first of these is family and environment, the second is education level and the third and perhaps the most important is the media. There is no doubt that these institutions and tools, which have significant effects on personality development, have a significant impact on the development of attitudes and behaviors towards violence, worldviews and ways of looking at life. Just like the role it plays in the development of fanatic tendencies that play a role in the emergence of violent acts in the field of sports, religion and politics.
Violence exists wherever there are people. Oppression, torment, intimidation, intimidation, killing, punishment, as well as rebellion, continue to be a part of daily life, gradually but continuously, in every society.
