How Pharaoh's era end in ancient Egypt

The end of the pharaohs' era in ancient Egypt is commonly associated with the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great in 332 BCE. Prior to Alexander's arrival, Egypt had been ruled by the Achaemenid Persians after they conquered the region in 525 BCE. The Persians, however, were not native to Egypt, and their rule was met with resistance from the Egyptian population.
When Alexander the Great invaded Egypt, he was welcomed as a liberator by the Egyptians who saw him as a savior from Persian rule. The last Achaemenid ruler of Egypt, Darius III, was defeated by Alexander, leading to the fall of Persian control over Egypt.
Alexander established the city of Alexandria as the new capital of Egypt, and his conquest marked the beginning of the Hellenistic period in Egypt. After Alexander's death in 323 BCE, his general Ptolemy took control of Egypt, founding the Ptolemaic dynasty. The Ptolemaic rulers, descended from Ptolemy, governed Egypt for several centuries, and the famous Cleopatra VII was the last of the Ptolemaic pharaohs.
In 30 BCE, after the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by the Roman forces led by Octavian (later known as Augustus), Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire. This marked the end of the long line of native Egyptian pharaohs and the beginning of Egypt's incorporation into the Roman world. The era of the traditional pharaohs had come to an end, and Egypt was now under the rule of foreign powers.