The First Göktürk Khaganate

During the Hun era, the Göktürks, a nomadic group established in the steppes, trace their roots to the Aşina tribe (a Hun community) that lived in the Asian steppes after the fall of the Hun Empire. The Aşina tribe, residing in the region now known as Mongolia, at the foothills of the Altai Mountains under the protection of the Juan-Juan Empire, engaged in iron and steel craftsmanship.

Bumin Khagan:
Bumin Khagan, the first ruler, took control of the tribe in the year 540, becoming the head or Khan of the Aşina tribe. Initially, this tribe, which lived under the influence of the Juan-Juan Empire, gradually organized and developed internally.
After Bumin Khagan's death, his son Kolo (Kara) Khagan succeeded him, but his rule was short-lived. A year later, Mukan Khagan took over the state. Mukan defeated the Mongolian Kitan, expanding the Eastern Göktürk State's borders to the Great Ocean. After Mukan, Tapo (Taspar) Khagan ascended to the throne. Tapo, who accepted Buddhism and kept China under pressure, rose in prominence within the state.

While these events unfolded in the east, in the west, İstemi Khagan expanded his borders to Crimea. After İstemi's death, his son Tardu Khagan succeeded him and ruled until 603. In the east, after Ta-pu's death, his successor To-lo-pien (Apa Khagan) was not accepted in a council meeting. Instead, Apa's nephew Şa-po-lio (Ishbara Khagan) took control of the Eastern Göktürk state. İşbara Khagan's killing of Apa's mother strained relations between the Eastern and Western Göktürk states, turning them into rivals. After Tardu's death, the Datu Göktürks, indicating a sign of weakening power, were ruled by individuals from the Aşena family under the names of Yabgu and Shad from 630 under Chinese dominance. They later became known as the On Oklar, forming a federation of clans under the leadership of the Türgish tribe, remaining under Chinese rule until the end of the century.

The Eastern Göktürk Khaganate, led by Şi-pi Khagan, managed to maintain its dominance until his death in 619. Subsequently, İlığ Khagan besieged the Chinese capital but was taken captive. With İlığ Khagan dying in captivity, the First Göktürk Khaganate was completely destroyed.
During the same period, the Chinese Emperor Tai-tsung declared himself the Gök Khagan of the Turks. The clans under Hakanate began to scatter, and some sought refuge in China. In the 50 years of captivity, efforts to reunite the Turkish people and movements of rebellion against China were observed. The most famous of these is the rebellion attempt by the Göktürk prince "Kür-şad" and his forty warriors.