Who Is Stephen Hawking?

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3 Mar 2024

Stephen Hawking, whose full name is "Stephen William Hawking", is a British scientist. His areas of interest are physics, cosmology, astronomy and mathematics, and he has theories on these subjects. Despite the disease he was diagnosed with at a young age and for which there is no cure, Stephen Hawking is considered one of the most successful and respected scientists of his age. He worked as a full-time mathematics lecturer at the University of Cambridge for 30 years. Hawking was born on January 8, 1942.

At the age of 8 he went to St Albans, 20 miles from London . He was enrolled at St Albans school at the age of 11. After graduating from St Albans School, Hawking attended his father's old school, Oxford University College. His father wanted him to study medicine, but he loved mathematics. But the school did not have a mathematics department. So he started studying physics instead. Three years later he was awarded the first class honors medal in natural sciences. Hawking then went to Cambridge to study cosmology. There was no study of cosmology at Oxford at that time. Although he wanted Fred Hoyle as a consultant at Cambridge, Dennis Sciam was appointed. After receiving his doctorate, he became first a research assistant and then a professorial assistant at Gonville and Caius College.

A "short" story of time, starting from the "Big Bang" and extending to black holes. Since he is one of the first people that comes to mind when Big Bang is mentioned, we started to hear his name and then himself in the comedy series "Big Bang Theory" in recent years . Stephen Hawking not only found Sheldon's mistakes in the series, but also tried to complete some of the things Einstein left incomplete. Especially regarding black holes. He suggested that black holes are not actually that black. He said they emit particles and thus lose mass. This theoretical radiation is now called Hawking radiation . Stephen Hawking tried to develop a theory that would explain seemingly different worlds. He tried to combine quantum theory in the world of the smallest with general relativity theory in the world of the largest. And what did he find in trying to do this? Black holes are not just like a giant that grows as it draws something into it, but also loses mass with this radiation, the Hawking radiation named after it. According to Einstein's "theory of relativity", black holes cannot shrink, that is, the area of their event horizons cannot decrease. This is a new theory that surprises the scientific world, and that is why Stephen Hawking was not just an image appearing in TV series.

After leaving the Astronomy Institute in 1973, Stephen Hawking moved to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics. After 1979 he became the Lucasian professor of mathematics in the mathematics department. This professorship was founded in 1663 by Henry Lucas, a member of the university parliament. It was first given to Isaac Barrow and then to Isaac Newton in 1669. Hawking studied the fundamental principles of the universe. Together with Roger Penrose, he showed that Einstein's Theory of General Relativity, which covers Space and Time, begins with the Big Bang and ends with black holes. This result revealed that Quantum mechanics and General Relativity Theory should be combined. This was one of the greatest inventions of the second half of the twentieth century. One result of this merger revealed that black holes were not actually completely black, but that they emitted radiation and evaporated, making them invisible. Another conclusion was that the universe had an end and a limit. This meant that the beginning of the universe occurred entirely within the framework of scientific rules.

Stephen Hawking was diagnosed with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an incurable disease, in the early 1960s, when he was 21 years old. It paralyzes the nervous system by killing eighty percent of motor neurons over time; However, this disease, which did not affect the mental activities of the brain, condemned Hawking to live in a wheelchair. Since the famous scientist has lost his voice since 1985, he can communicate with people thanks to the computer placed in his chair, which can convert text into sound. Currently, Hawking receives great support from his surroundings and family in his scientific pursuits and daily life. When he wants to talk, he can type an average of 10 words per minute onto the screen of his private computer connected to his chair, by squeezing the electronic device in his hand. This quiet-talking genius has approximately 2600 words in the memory of his private computer. Thus, when he wants to say any word, he can write it on the screen. The number of words used by healthy people in their speech is around 2500. Therefore, Hawking has no shortage of words to express his feelings. He spends his life in a wheelchair. He lives life almost like a brain in a jar that we see in science-fiction stories . When he loses his ability to speak, he begins to communicate with the help of a computer. Even though he cannot move, he continues to think, work and produce until his last moments. He does not stop his scientific studies, just like Beethoven, who started to become deaf towards the end of his life, continues his compositions. Stephen Hawking started his learning adventure at Oxford University. This is the oldest university in the “English speaking world”. The exact date of its establishment is unknown, but it is certain that education has been held there continuously since 1096. For almost 1000 years. Hawking then moved to Cambridge University and continued his studies there until the end of his life. This university is an educational institution that has been operating since 1209. In fact, Isaac Newton was also a professor at this school. Stephen Hawking became a Lucasian professor, a position previously held by Newton. This is one of the most prestigious academic titles in the world. This act of learning and teaching, which has been persistently continuing for centuries and from generation to generation, leads to the formation of an academic tradition, and such scientists can only grow up in such environments.

The famous physicist last gave a conference titled "The Source of the Universe" at the Vatican on November 25 and met with Pope Francis.
Steven Hawking, born in Oxford, England in 1942, is known for his extensive work on quantum physics and black holes.

Stephen Hawking, whose scientific research has been translated into more than 40 world languages, is considered the greatest genius after Albert Einstein in scientific circles.

He died in the early hours of March 14, 2018, at his home in Cambridge , England , at the age of 76. His family announced the cause of death and said, "He died peacefully." It is thought that Stephen Hawking died due to ALS , which he was diagnosed with when he was only 21 years old and has no cure . As many of you have noticed, this brilliant mind, born on the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death, also died on Pi day, when Albert Einstein was born.

Theories About the Future

Famous physicist Stephen Hawking evaluated the next century at the "String Theory 2001" Conference in Bombay, India, and said that humans will be able to settle on other planets other than Earth within 100 years, and that thanks to genetic science, the perfect human will be created within the next century. The famous British physicist, known for his work "A Brief History of Time", gave information to 3000 people about "Science in the Future" at a 2-week conference in Bombay. 59-year-old Hawking stated with certainty that humans will be able to settle on other planets other than Earth within 100 years. "I'm not saying that genetic engineering is a good business. However, in the future, whether we like it or not, there will probably be genetically enhanced humans in the next millions of years (if not in the next century or millennium)," said Hawking, adding that our planet will be completely destroyed by 2800 if due importance is not given to nature protection measures. He is known as a scientist who predicted that it would be an uninhabitable planet. Babies will develop outside the womb At the "Strings 2001" conference, held in Bombay for the first time outside the USA and Western Europe, to discuss the "String" theory, which aims to help reconcile and explain the mysteries of the universe and seemingly contradictory theories in physical science, Hawking said that in the next century, "whether we like it or not" He explained that babies can complete their fetal development in artificial environments outside the womb. Hawking stated that humans have to develop their mental-physical abilities for long space travels. At the conference, Hawking said, "If we do not destroy ourselves in the next century, we will be able to go to planets and nearby stars." If the String Theory is proven, much will be shed on the origin and fate of the universe. There is no race more advanced than humans. While Stephen William Hawking, an expert on the "Big Bang Theory" regarding the birth of the universe, the power of the subatomic world and light-absorbing black holes in space, said that it is unlikely that there is a race more advanced than humans on other planets, he teased the audience as follows: "More than humans." "If there are highly developed and superior life forms, why didn't they spread to other galaxies? Or could there be those who do not visit us, but leave us to our own devices and watch us suffer the troubles we have caused? I doubt that they could be so respectful to a lower level life form."

DNA is fundamental to all life

Stating that genetic engineering should be limited to economy in plants and animals for better nutrition of the earth, Hawking said, "DNA is the basis for all life on Earth. The human race and its DNA will rapidly increase its complexity." Emphasizing that the rapid increase in the world population must be prevented through family and population planning, Hawking reminded that the world population, which is approaching 7 billion, doubles every 40 years. "If it continues like this, in the year 2,600, all people in the world will be stuck shoulder to shoulder," said Hawking, adding that the electricity production that could feed this population could heat the earth enough to turn it red. It has been reported that in the next century, people will be repaired and renewed by manipulating their genes with even more modern methods. British astrophysicist Stephen Hawking; He said that he believes that as a result of manipulating genes, people will have a different appearance after a few centuries than they do now, because scientists are now rapidly beginning to unravel the secrets of DNA.

Playing with Genes

Hawking defended the following views: "I do not believe in science fiction films such as Star Trek, which feature people resembling today's people. Genetic engineering on humans is wanted to be banned. But I do not think it can be banned. For economic reasons, it will be allowed to modify the genes of animals and plants. And one day, someone will It will also play with people's genes. If we do not live in a totalitarian world, it is inevitable that someone somewhere will try to improve people by recreating them...