The Amalgamation House: A Forgotten Relic of Nigeria’s Colonial History
The Amalgamation House: A Forgotten Relic of Nigeria’s Colonial History
Introduction
The Amalgamation House in Ikot abasi, located in the local government area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, stands as a silent witness to significant events in the country's pre-colonial and colonial history. This unassuming structure, though now dilapidated, holds immense historical significance as the residence and office of Lord Friedrich Lugard, the governor who played a pivotal role in the unification of Nigeria. The house's historical value is tied to its role in the signing of the Amalgamation Treaty of 1914, which merged the Northern Nigeria Protectorate and the Colony of the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria.
Historical Significance and Architectural Features
Ikot abasi was a major gateway into Nigeria during the pre-colonial era, second only to Lagos. The town’s strategic location and seaport made it a crucial entry point for slave traders accessing the southern part of the country. It was within this context that the Amalgamation House was constructed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Architecturally, the house reflects the typical style of the era, featuring a wide corridor supported by wooden pillars, large windows designed for cross-ventilation, and a roof made of corrugated iron sheets. Over time, these features have deteriorated, with the roof in particular suffering significant damage. The house is elevated on concrete pillars, a design likely intended to protect against flooding, a common issue in coastal regions.
Lord Lugard’s Residence and Office
Lord Friedrich Lugard, the British colonial administrator, used the Amalgamation House as both his residence and office. Within the house, relics of Lugard’s tenure remain, offering a glimpse into the colonial past. These relics include his table, chair, telephone, and an old typewriter used by his secretary. Additionally, a photograph of Lord Lugard and his wife, Flora Shaw, is displayed. Shaw, a prominent journalist, is credited with coining the name 'Nigeria.' However, the house's poor condition has rendered some rooms inaccessible due to weak flooring, which poses safety hazards for visitors.
Neglect and the Call for Preservation
Despite its historical significance, the Amalgamation House has been largely neglected. The structure is in a state of disrepair, with animals occupying parts of the building. Surrounding the main house are other brick buildings that were once used by colonial guards and domestic staff. This neglect stands in stark contrast to the building’s historical importance. The site is not only significant for its association with the Amalgamation Treaty but also as a location that evokes memories of the Aba Women’s Riot of 1929. This protest was a pivotal moment in Nigerian history, where women from the region stood against colonial injustices, marking an early instance of organized resistance against colonial rule.
Women’s Protests and Historical Echoes
The Aba Women’s Riot is one of several notable protests by women in the region. A veteran women’s rights activist recounts a long history of women's protests dating back to 1925 when women in Calabar demonstrated against colonial policies. These protests reached a climax in Owerri, where women lost their lives, forcing the colonial authorities to address their grievances. These historical events underline the significant role that women played in resisting colonial oppression and advocating for their rights.
The Bridge of No Return
Another landmark in the area is the 'Bridge of No Return,' a poignant reminder of the slave trade era. This bridge served as a major hub for the slave trade, where countless Africans were shipped across the Atlantic, never to return. The bridge’s name captures the finality and tragedy of the slave trade, making it a crucial site for historical preservation.
Government Efforts and Future Prospects
In response to public appeals, the Akwa Ibom State government has initiated measures to save the Amalgamation House from further decay. The government aims to properly manage the site and authenticate the artifacts found there, which date back to 1914. If restored, the Amalgamation House could serve as a significant tourist attraction, preserving Nigeria’s history and generating revenue for the local community and the state. The revival of this site could also boost local economic activities, providing employment opportunities and fostering a sense of pride in the community’s rich historical heritage.
Conclusion
The Amalgamation House in Ikot abasi is more than just a dilapidated building; it is a repository of Nigeria’s colonial history and a symbol of the country’s journey towards unification and independence. The relics within its walls tell the story of a pivotal moment in Nigerian history, while the surrounding landmarks evoke memories of resistance and resilience. Preserving this site is not just about maintaining a physical structure; it is about honoring the past, educating future generations, and recognizing the enduring legacy of those who lived through and shaped these historical events.
References
- Falola, T., & Heaton, M. M. (2008). *A History of Nigeria*. Cambridge University Press.
- Lugard, F. D. (1922). *The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa*. William Blackwood & Sons.
- Nwauwa, A. O. (1997). *The Evolution of the Nigerian State: The Southern Phase, 1898-1914*. University Press of America.
- Smith, R. S. (1988). *Kingdoms of the Yoruba*. University of Wisconsin Press.
- Van Allen, J. (1972). "Sitting on a Man": Colonialism and the Lost Political Institutions of Igbo Women. *Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines*, 6(2), 165-181.
