Grapes of Georgia: A Heritage of Viticulture

Georgia, located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, is one of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world, with over 8,000 years of winemaking tradition. The country’s diverse climate, fertile soils, and ancient methods of viticulture have given rise to some of the most unique grape varieties in the world. Georgian grapes, particularly indigenous ones, are an essential part of its cultural and agricultural identity.
Georgia is home to more than 500 indigenous grape varieties, with about 40 actively cultivated today. The most famous among these is Saperavi, a red grape known for producing deep, robust wines with rich tannins and high acidity. Saperavi wines are often described as full-bodied, with flavors of dark berries, plums, and spices. This grape is primarily grown in the Kakheti region, which is Georgia’s largest and most renowned wine-growing area.
On the white wine front, Rkatsiteli reigns supreme. This variety is known for its crisp, citrusy flavor profile with floral and green apple notes. Like Saperavi, Rkatsiteli is also native to the Kakheti region and is a key component in both traditional Georgian wines and modern winemaking.
What sets Georgian wine apart is not just the grape varieties but the ancient winemaking techniques that are still in practice today. One of the most notable is the use of qvevri, large earthenware vessels buried underground. Grapes, along with their skins, stems, and seeds, are fermented in these clay containers, creating natural wines with distinct textures and flavors. This method has earned Georgian wine a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage status.
In recent years, Georgian wine has experienced a resurgence, gaining international recognition for its authenticity and craftsmanship. As global demand for organic and natural wines grows, Georgia's ancient techniques and rare grape varieties are becoming increasingly sought after.
In essence, Georgian grapes are more than just a means to produce wine—they are a living link to the country's rich history, culture, and traditions. The unique characteristics of these grapes, combined with Georgia's millennia-old winemaking heritage, make the country's viticulture one of the most fascinating in the world.