Ephesus Antiquity and Excavation History
The excavation history of the ancient city of Ephesus spans a significant period. Excavations, which began in the late 19th century, gained great importance over time and continued to unearth the riches of the ancient city.
Archaeological excavations of Ephesus commenced in 1869 when British archaeologist John Turtle Wood initiated the excavation of the remains of the Temple of Artemis. Subsequently, in 1904, work led by German archaeologist Otto Benndorf and later generally supervised by K. M. Petzold intensified excavations in the region, resulting in significant findings. Furthermore, excavations started in 1954 and ongoing under the auspices of the Austrian Archaeological Institute have involved comprehensive studies in various areas of Ephesus.
These excavations aim not only to uncover the major structures but also to reveal smaller aspects related to daily life that reflect the lives of ordinary people.
The ancient city of Ephesus is located in the western part of Anatolia, within the borders of present-day Turkey, and it held great importance during ancient times. Situated approximately 80 km away from Izmir, this ancient city has been influenced by various civilizations throughout history, accumulating a rich cultural heritage.
Established around the 6th millennium BC, Ephesus was founded by Greek colonists in the 10th century BC in the Ionian region. It was ruled by Lydians, Persians, Macedonians, and Romans, each leaving their distinct marks on the city. Ephesus became a significant port city during antiquity, becoming a center of trade. This increased its wealth, diversity, and contributed to a great cultural interaction within the region. One of the renowned structures of the ancient era, the Temple of Artemis, became the symbol of Ephesus and was regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Additionally, the grandeur of the Celsus Library, the magnificence of the Grand Theatre, and impressive structures like the Temple of Hadrian are all part of Ephesus's splendid architectural heritage.
Having a significant place in the history of Christianity, Ephesus served as an important center for the preaching of Saint Paul, and Saint John is believed to have lived here for a while. Moreover, the House of the Virgin Mary, thought to be the place where Mary spent her last days, stands as a religious site attracting visitors. Today, the ruins of Ephesus have been largely excavated and opened to visitors. The remnants of the ancient city have become a major tourist destination, captivating tourists and offering a historical journey.
Archaeologists continue to unearth new findings and strive to unravel the mysteries of the ancient era through ongoing excavations. Ephesus, with its rich history, architectural legacy, and cultural significance, stands as one of Anatolia's most important ancient settlements, shedding light on the past up to the present day.
