here's a comprehensive explanation in English: The Sun is a massive celestial body situated at the center of the solar system, classified as a star. It accounts for approximately 99.86% of the total mass of all objects within the solar system.
Planets, moons, asteroids, and other celestial bodies orbit around the Sun due to gravitational forces. The Sun's composition primarily consists of light elements, predominantly hydrogen (about 74%) and helium (about 24%), forming a plasma sphere. At its core, under extremely high temperatures and pressures, thermonuclear fusion reactions occur. These reactions involve the conversion of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms, releasing a tremendous amount of energy. The Sun's surface is covered by a layer known as the photosphere, appearing as a bright yellow layer commonly observed. Sunspots, dark regions on the surface, are present on the photosphere and are a result of the Sun's magnetic activity. The Sun's atmosphere extends outward in two main layers: the corona and the chromosphere. The corona, significantly hotter than the photosphere, is the source of the solar wind. The chromosphere is the thin and hot outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere. Solar cycles, including sunspot cycles and other magnetic activities, influence the dynamics of these atmospheric layers. The Sun emits energy through electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the visible light spectrum. This energy contributes to the heating of Earth and other planets, supporting the sustenance of life. Additionally, solar energy is harnessed for electricity production using solar panels.
The Sun is a subject of in-depth study in various scientific fields, including astronomy, astrophysics, and climatology. Scientists utilize space observations and mathematical models to gain insights into the Sun's structure, energy production, magnetic field, and other characteristics. The Sun is not only an astronomical object influencing the planets within the solar system but also serves as an example of similar stars prevalent in the broader universe.
