Industry

Industry was born within the framework of a natural household, in which raw materials were both extracted and processed. The formation of industry as an independent branch of social production is connected with the process of separating crafts from agriculture. Crafts played an important economic role in ancient states, and especially in the era of feudalism. The transformation of industry into a special branch of social work in many countries is connected with the formation of feudal cities, which became trade and industrial centers of large territories. The emergence and development of capitalism led to the rapid growth of industry and profound changes in the nature of industrial production. Capitalist industry has gone through 3 stages of development: simple cooperation, manufacture and large machine industry - factories. The transition from manufacturing to large-scale machine industry is due to the industrial revolution that began in England in the second half of the 18th century. and throughout the XIX century. spread to other European countries, the USA and Japan. An important component of the industrial revolution was the introduction of working machines and mechanisms into production and transport, which replaced the manual labor of people; creation of an independent machine-building industry. At the end of the 19th century and the 20th century large-scale machine industry has become the predominant form of industrial production in a number of countries. Industry developed especially rapidly in the USA and Germany, which until the beginning of the 20th century. overtook England in terms of growth rates and the size of industrial production. The main trends in the development of industry in 1969-90 were: the increasingly widespread use of electronics, robotics, microelectronics technologies, the dominance of Japan and the countries of the Pacific region in the production and distribution of consumer electronics, computers, and vehicles.