What is Fiber Optic Technology Where to use What is the Use of Fiber Optic in Airplanes?
What is Fiber Optic Technology Where to use What is the Use of Fiber Optic in Airplanes
Fiber optic technology is widely used to transmit data between electronic systems in aircraft. These systems include flight control systems, communications equipment, entertainment systems, passenger information systems and other critical systems.
Communication in the modern age; It is done using long wavelength electromagnetic waves such as millimeter, micrometer and radio frequencies, as well as in the range corresponding to the optical region of the electromagnetic wave scale. Today, the most common, fast and secure communication tool is fiber optic communication technology that uses this optical region.
For data transmission in gigabits and beyond gigabits, fiber optic communication is the ideal choice. Fiber optic communications are used to transmit voice, video, telemetry, data over long distances and local area networks or computer networks.
Structure of Fiber Optic Cables
Fiber optic cables use thin glass or plastic cables called fibres, which are used to transport data at the speed of light. These cables are coated with a special protective layer to protect against external factors and ensure optimal data transmission.
The most important components in the structure of fiber optic cables include fibers, buffers, protective coatings and cables. The fibers inside the cable are covered with a thin glass core and a thick coating surrounding this core. The coatings around this core serve to protect and properly direct the fiber signals.
Light-Based Data Transfer
Data transfer in fiber optic cables is carried out using a light-based technology. Data is carried as light waves passed through fibers. Light is preferred because of its ability to reach faster and farther distances than electrical signals.
Two different types of light are used to transfer data: LEDs or lasers. While LEDs are more widely used because they are cheaper and more durable, lasers can transfer data faster and over longer distances.
Data transfer in fiber optic cables is achieved by converting signals into digital data and sending them to the cable as light waves. This data is controlled by signal transmitters inside the fibers.
In this way, data can travel through the cable. Signal transmitters inside the fibers send data to the cable as a light wave. These light waves are received by receivers at the end of the cable on the other side and converted into digital data again.
Speed of Data Transfer
Data transfer in fiber optic cables can be achieved at very high speeds. Since light can travel much faster than electrical signals, the data transfer rate in fiber optic cables is quite high. This speed provides a great advantage for fast data transfer in many different areas such as internet services, online games and video calls.
Fiber Optic Technology:
Fiber optic technology uses light to transmit data. A fiber optic cable consists of thin glass or plastic fibers that use a special sequence of light waves reflected within them. These light waves represent signals that carry digital or analog data. Fiber optic cables differ from electrical cables as conductors because they transmit data at the speed of light.
Fiber optic cables consist of three main parts: core, cladding and outer jacket. The nucleus is the central part responsible for transmitting light. The sheath is the layer that protects the core and controls reflections. The outer sheath is the outer layer that protects the cable against external factors.
The light used in fiber optic transmission generally lies outside the visible light spectrum. The most commonly used light source is high intensity light sources such as laser or LED. Data is transmitted through the core via light signals and converted back into electrical signals by receivers at the ends of the fiber.
Where are Fiber Optic Technology Products Used:
Fiber optic technology has a wide range of uses in many different industries. Here are some of the main uses of fiber optic technology:
Telecommunication:
Fiber optic cables provide wide bandwidth and high data transfer speeds in the telecommunications industry. It is widely used in communication systems such as telephone, internet and television services.
Computer Networks:
Computer networks that require large-scale data transmission utilize fiber optic technology. It is used in places such as data centers, corporate networks and internet service providers.
Medical Applications:
Fiber optic cables are commonly used in medical applications such as endoscopes and other medical imaging devices. These applications are used in surgical procedures that require precise and high-resolution imaging.
Military and Defense:
Military communications systems and military applications utilize fiber optic technology. The fact that fiber optic cables are not affected by electromagnetic interference and provide secure data transmission provides a significant advantage in military operations.
Energy sector:
Fiber optic sensors are used to monitor variables such as voltage, temperature and vibration in power grids. These sensors help improve the security and performance of energy grids.
Transportation and Aviation:
Fiber optic technology is also used in transportation vehicles such as trains, buses, ships and airplanes. It is especially preferred in aircraft due to its advantages such as lightness, durability and high data transmission speed.
Copper wire is typically described as consisting of a single conductor for electrical signals, differentiated from a copper cable in which multiple copper wires are grouped into a common jacket. Copper is in the upper segments when it comes to electrical conductivity, no other metal can compete with its conductivity, plus copper wire requires less insulation and can be stretched more effectively than other metals. There are several types of copper wire:
1. Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable is a type of transmission line used to carry low-loss high-frequency electrical signals. Broadband internet network cables are used for high-speed computers, cable television signals, and radio transmitters and receivers.
2. Twisted Pair Cable
It is used in telephone systems. In this type of cables, each of the bare cables is coated with an insulation material and the cables are twisted together in pairs. The twisted pair cable wrapped with a metal shield is called Shielded Twisted Pair Cable. With metal shielding wrapped around insulated twisted pairs, the cable is better protected from the electromagnetic field, allowing data to be transmitted over longer distances. There are 2 types of twisted pair cables.
STP Cable (Shielded Twisted Pair):
This cable, which can be used in Ethernet networks, must be grounded at both ends, as it is not a part of the circuit where data is carried, unlike coaxial cables. Otherwise, it will be a factor that harms communication the most. The cable works like an antenna that collects the signals in or around it and disrupts the data in the network environment. There are 4 pairs of wires covered with a colored plastic coating and fibers that provide protection before the outer container. This makes the STP cable harder and heavier.
UTP Cable:
UTP cable is not only used in computer networks. There is another very common usage area: Telephone lines... UTP cable is also used in telephone lines, but its use in computer networks has surpassed this area and UTP cable has become identified with computer networks.
Fiber Optic Cables
Fiber Optics is a very thin strand of pure glass that acts as a waveguide for light over long distances. It uses a principle known as total internal reflection. Fiber optic cable actually consists of two layers of glass: the core, which carries the actual light signal, and the cladding, which is a layer of glass surrounding the core. The cladding has a lower refractive index than the core. This causes Total Internal Reflection within the core. Most fibers operate in bidirectional pairs: one is used to transmit the signal and the other is used to receive. However, it is possible to send both signals over a single wire.
There are two main types of fiber optic cables:
Single Mode Fiber (SMF) and Multimode Fiber (MMF). The difference is mainly in the size of the core. MMF has a much larger core, allowing multiple light modes (or “rays”) to be emitted. SMF has a very narrow core that allows only a single mode of light to be emitted. Each type of fiber has different characteristics with its own advantages and disadvantages. Fiber optic cables have many uses in various situations across industries and applications.
Fiber Optic Cable Types
OFC: Optical fiber, conductor
OFN: Optical fiber, non-conductive
OFCG: Optical fiber, conductor, general use
OFNG: Optical fiber, non-conductive, general use
OFCP: Optical fiber, conductor, plenum
OFNP: Optical fiber, non-conductive, plenum
OFCR: Optical fiber, conductor, amplifier
OFNR: Optical fiber, non-conductive, amplifier
OPGW: Fiber optic composite overhead ground wire
ADSS: All Dielectric Self Supporting
OSP: Fiber optic cable, outdoor facility
MDU: Fiber optic cable, multi-dwelling unit
Comparison of Fiber optic and Copper Wire:
Fiber optic technology offers many advantages over traditional copper wires. Here is the comparison of fiber optic technology with copper wire:
Band width:
Fiber optic cables provide much wider bandwidth compared to copper wires. This allows for higher data transfer speeds.
Long Distance Transmission:
Fiber optic cables experience less signal loss than copper wires, even over long distances. This feature makes fiber optics preferred in long-range communication systems.
Less Exposure to Electromagnetic Interference:
Copper wires can be affected by electromagnetic interference when transmitting electrical signals. However, since fiber optic cables use optical signals, they are not affected by electromagnetic interference.
Security:
Fiber optic communication is more secure because it is more difficult to intervene from outside. It increases information security because it is not sensitive to electromagnetic waves.
Lightness and High Density:
Fiber optic cables are lighter than copper wires and allow for greater data density. This feature allows the telecommunications infrastructure to be more efficient and compact.
Eco-Friendly:
Copper mining and processing is an industrial process with environmental impacts. However, the production of fiber optic cables consumes less natural resources and causes less harm to the environment.
Although fiber optic technology offers many advantages over copper wires, copper wires may still be preferable in terms of cost. However, in the long term, the cost effectiveness and performance advantages of fiber optic technology may replace copper wires.
The use of fiber optic technology in aircraft is considered a significant development and innovation in the aviation industry. Fiber optic cables enable electronic systems in aircraft to communicate reliably and quickly, allowing for safer and more efficient flights. In this article, a detailed review will be made on the use of fiber optic technology in aircraft.
Use of Fiber Optic Technology in Aircrafts:
Fiber optic technology is widely used to transmit data between electronic systems in aircraft. These systems include flight control systems, communications equipment, entertainment systems, passenger information systems and other critical systems.
Advantages:
Fiber optic cables are lighter and more durable than copper wires. They are also not affected by electromagnetic interference and provide higher data transfer rates. These features provide an ideal solution for reliable and fast data transmission in aircraft.
Flight Safety and Performance:
Fiber optic technology supports safer and more efficient flights in aircraft. It increases flight safety by providing fast and reliable communication between electronic systems. They also consume less energy and require less maintenance, which improves the performance of the aircraft.
Lightness and High Density:
Fiber optic cables are lighter and thinner than other communication cables used in aircraft. This feature helps make planes lighter and increase fuel efficiency. It also allows for higher data density, which allows more electronic equipment to be integrated into the aircraft.
Durability and Compliance with Environmental Conditions:
Fiber optic cables are resistant to various environmental conditions such as high temperature, humidity and vibration. This feature ensures reliable communication on aircraft and reduces maintenance costs.
Fast Data Transfer:
Fiber optic cables can transmit data at gigabit speeds. This allows the use of applications that require high bandwidth, such as high-definition video and audio transmission in aircraft.
Security and Isolation:
Fiber optic cables are more resistant to electromagnetic waves and safer against external interference. This feature increases information security on aircraft and provides better protection against external interference.
Cost and Return on Investment:
Fiber optic technology may initially cost more than copper wires. But in the long run, it offers a better return on investment with lower maintenance requirements and higher performance.
Future Applications and Developments:
Constant technological advances in the aircraft industry are constantly expanding the application areas of fiber optic technology. In the future, it is expected that new fiber optic technologies will be developed that provide faster data transmission, higher bandwidth and greater security.
The use of fiber optic technology in aircraft is an example of technological advancements in the aviation industry and plays an important role in improving flight safety and performance. This technology helps make planes safer, more efficient and more environmentally friendly, while also providing passengers with a better flying experience.
Conclusion
The key difference between copper cable and fiber optic is that copper cable transmits the signal in the form of electrical pulses, whereas fiber optics transmit the signal in the form of light pulses. Another important difference between copper cable and fiber optic lies in their names themselves. Copper cable is made from copper wire. Fiber optics consist of single or multiple strands of glass fibers.
• The data transmission speed of a fiber optic cable is much higher than a copper cable. Copper cables are approximately 31% slower than fiber optic cables.
• The bandwidth of a copper cable is less than a fiber optic cable. Copper cable provides up to 10 Gbps transmission, while fiber optic has a performance of 60 Tbps or more.
• The energy consumed by the copper cable during operation is 10W. Fiber optic cable, on the other hand, has more economical energy consumption. It consumes 2W of energy per user. Therefore, fiber optic lines require less energy.
• The lifespan of copper wire is 5 years, depending on temperature changes and environmental factors, while fiber optic cables have a lifespan of 30 or 50 years.
• Fiber optics allows data to be transferred much faster than copper cable.
• The installation and maintenance cost of a fiber cable is more than copper cable.
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