Effects on Violence and Aggression in Sports

Referee

The literal meaning of the referee is the person responsible for managing the football game. In that case, the referee is the person who undertakes a judicial duty with the powers given to him and is charged with ensuring that the match is played within the rules and that any contrary behavior is punished. Refereeing is the most important aspect of football. Judge; It acts as a bridge between the spectator, the player and the opposing teams, while also evaluating the game within the framework of predetermined rules.

Refereeing is the most important aspect of football. Judge; It acts as a bridge between the spectator, the player and the opposing teams, while also evaluating the game within the framework of predetermined rules. Today, the modern referee; who follows the changes in football, follows and implements the instructions of FIFA and the Central Referee Board, has the physical and mental abilities brought by the fast and paced game, follows the publications about football, respects the principles of the refereeing institution, sheds light on his friends, is self-confident, modest, knowledgeable, well-mannered and He is defined as a person who draws a cultured portrait.

Many administrative and even legal errors cannot be prevented because refereeing is not accepted as a profession and branch of specialization, people who have no close or distant connection with sports branches aspire to be referees, and they do not follow the developments related to their profession after reaching the level of primary referee. The responsibility arising from the events that occur in the competitions belongs to the poorly trained athletes, administrators and fan base, as well as to the referees who are knowledgeable, cold-blooded and do not know the details of their profession.

Negative statements made by players, coaches and managers about referees before and after the match create pressure on referees. In addition, the accusatory speeches of former referees, football players and sports commentators who comment on television, sometimes bordering on insults, can cause referees to make wrong decisions and turn referees into targets. It should not be forgotten that football is a game of mistakes and referees are also a part of this game. Just as managers make wrong management practices, coaches give wrong tactics, send the wrong team to the field, players do not pay attention to their private lives, goalkeepers cannot catch the ball due to lack of concentration and play a major role in the team's failure, it is wrong to forget that referees can make mistakes and immediately declare them guilty. Declaring the referees biased and guilty without accepting that the erroneous decisions made by the referees are a part of football, makes the view that they are responsible for the violent incidents in football dominant. Scientific studies support this view.

From time to time, the audience says about the referees; They think that they affect the fate of their team by making a momentary mistake, that they act deliberately and benefit from it, that they are influenced by the players acting and the cheering, and that they miss the position because they act carelessly.

Federation

Federations are formed by bringing together a sufficient number of associations or organizations with legal entities as a superior union. Sports federations also consist of sports clubs. Sports federations are responsible for the conduct and management of activities such as all kinds of competitions, meetings, camps and seminars held in their own sports branches at home and abroad. It ensures the training of coaches and organizes referee courses, which are necessary for the education and training of athletes within each sports federation. It organizes camps and development courses for successful and candidate athletes.

Football differs from other branches both as a field of public interest and with the number of active clubs. The football federation is responsible for almost all events in football. There are also penal sanctions to ensure proper functioning. These are implemented in the form of warnings, bans from the competition, deprivation of rights, playing without spectators, field closure, fines, cancellation of registration and relegation.

While the Federation has many responsibilities, it also has shortcomings. Most of the time, they continue their duties intertwined with politics, problems in presidential elections, penalty practices, referee appointments, etc. The events inevitably attracted the reaction of the audience. With this atmosphere of distrust among the spectators, the aggression of the spectators against the Football Federation, which is called the main center of football, has increased and the federation has taken its place as one of the reasons for the aggression of the spectators.

Football spectator (neutral), a person who follows sports events in his free time, and in other words, an audience; While unorganized communities can be defined as social groups with short meeting continuity and no real unity.

Fandom is expressed as the degree to which individuals devote themselves to the team or players, and in this respect it is separated from the concept of audience. Supporter; It is defined as the public who support the activities of sports clubs, purchase the club's services by paying a certain fee, and constitute the main market of the club.

Fans come to support their team in rain, mud, snow and storm, and wait in ticket queues; There are people in the stands until match time, screaming, crying, rejoicing, getting angry, singing, jumping, jumping, in short, another reality of the match. All he wants is for his team to score goals and not lose in the match. He is integrated with the team he supports: His joy, sadness, anxiety and happiness are his team and the success of his team. When his team was successful, he was successful; when his team was defeated, he was devastated.

Fanatic in terms of football spectatorship; Those who see every way to win as legitimate, who are not interested in the aesthetics and beauty of sports and only care about the results, who care about the colors and anthems of their favorite team to the point of being pathological, etc. It is a type of audience that displays behavioral characteristics.

Fanaticism is; Being attached to someone or something with extreme enthusiasm and passion. A fanatic is defined as someone who is attached to someone or something with extreme enthusiasm and passion.

Fanaticism; Blind passion that drives a person to extremes for the sake of a religion, idea, or party. A fanatic has a religion, a cause, a party, etc. He is a person who is extremely passionate.

In terms of football spectatorship, a hooligan is someone who takes fandom to the point of violence, harms the environment and behaves recklessly.

Groups advocating minority views in society are defined as psychologically deviant people, and the views of these groups are viewed as deviant and belittled. Hooligan groups among the spectators in sports are also active in this context.

Although hooligans seem to be loyal to a team, the score or success of the team is not very important to them. The goal of hooligans is just to cause trouble.

Hooliganism is defined as small groups of fans exhibiting behavior that harms people and property without any logical reason; It is a concept explained by sociological phenomena such as psychological factors, lack of self-confidence, lack of education, indifference to the rights of others and tendency to violence. Based on this, sports spectatorship can be classified as a person who simply observes a sports event, to a highly identified fan. Team identification is the psychological connection a fan has with the team. This level of identification can range from spectatorship to hooliganism, depending on the degree of dedication to one's favorite team and players.