Mariana Trench

Mariana Trench is one of the deepest oceanic trenches on Earth, located in the western Pacific Ocean to the east of the Mariana Islands. This trench is formed as a result of the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Mariana Plate, and it represents one of the most profound points in the ocean floor. The deepest point of the Mariana Trench is called the Challenger Deep, reaching depths of up to 10,994 meters.

Due to its depth, Mariana Trench experiences pressures approximately 1,086 times greater than atmospheric pressure. Under this intense pressure, the water temperature at the bottom of the trench is typically slightly higher than the surrounding environment. The trench provides a unique habitat for marine organisms with specialized adaptations capable of withstanding the extreme conditions of the deep-sea environment.

First measured and mapped by HMS Challenger in 1872, Mariana Trench and other deep-sea trenches have since been further explored with the use of modern submarine technologies. Deep-sea research conducted, particularly from the late 20th century onwards, has contributed to a better understanding of the geological and biological features of the Mariana Trench.

Throughout history, Mariana Trench has been a focal point for numerous scientific discoveries and investigations. Deep-sea exploration has allowed insights into various scientific disciplines, including plate tectonics, ocean geology, and marine biology. Additionally, the structure and formation of this trench are considered essential for comprehending processes in Earth's geology.