What Does Ledger Balance Mean and How Does It Work?
By ALICIA TUOVILA Updated October 11, 2023
Reviewed by THOMAS J. CATALANO:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/P2-ThomasCatalano-d5607267f385443798ae950ece178afd.jpg)
Reviewed by Thomas J. Catalano
Full Bio
Thomas J Catalano is a CFP and Registered Investment Adviser with the state of South Carolina, where he launched his own financial advisory firm in 2018. Thomas' experience gives him expertise in a variety of areas including investments, retirement, insurance, and financial planning.
Learn about our Financial Review Board
Fact checked by DANIEL RATHBURN:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/ledger-balance-Final-b8e3af44a94a4c1abf30ec2a6a687c5f.jpg)
Investopedia / Dennis Madamba
What Is a Ledger Balance?
A ledger balance is computed by a bank at the end of each business day and includes all withdrawals and deposits to calculate the total amount of money in a bank account. The ledger balance is the opening balance in the bank account the next morning and remains the same all day.
The ledger balance is also often referred to as the current balance and is different than the available balance in an account. If you log into your online banking, you may see your current balance—the balance at the beginning of the day—and the available balance, which is the aggregate amount at any point during the day.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
- A ledger balance is calculated at the end of each business day by a bank and includes all debits and credits.
- It is the opening balance in the bank account the next morning and remains the same all day.
- The ledger balance differs from the customer's available balance, which is the aggregate funds accessible for withdrawal at any one point.
Formula and Calculation of Ledger Balance
You can use the following formula to calculate the ledger balance of your account:
Ledger Balance = Opening. Balance + Credits - Debits
In order to calculate your ledger balance, add all the credits (deposits, reversals, etc.) that go through your account during the day to the opening balance. Then subtract all the withdrawals, transfers, and other debits from that figure. This will give you the end of day or ledger balance.
How a Ledger Balance Works
The ledger balance is updated at the end of the business day after all transactions are approved and processed. Banks calculate this balance after posting all transactions, such as deposits, interest income, wire transfers that go both in or out, cleared checks, cleared credit card or debit transactions, and any correction of errors. It represents the existing balance on an account at the onset of the next business day.
Processing delays related to pending deposits can occur because the bank must first receive funds from the financial institution of the person or business who issued the check, wire transfer, or another form of payment. Once the money has been transferred, the money is made accessible to the account holder.
The bank statement only provides the ledger balance to a particular date. Deposits made and checks written on or after this date do not appear on the statement. The ledger balance may be used to determine whether the requirement to maintain a specific minimum balance is being satisfied. It is also included in bank account receipts. The ledger balance differs from the available balance of the bank account.
In banking and accounting, the ledger balance is used in the reconciliation of book balances.
How to Calculate a Ledger Balance
You can calculate your ledger balance by taking the opening balance and subtract debits and add any credits/deposits.
Debits may include any transaction made throughout the day, such as bank card transactions. Credits include deposits, such as payroll, as well as payments from customers or refunds.
After adding the credits and subtracting the debits from your opening balance, you’ll have your current ledger balance.
Ledger Balance vs. Available Balance
The ledger balance differs from the customer's available balance, which is the aggregate funds accessible for withdrawal at any one point. Because the ledger balance remains the same throughout the day, it does not include real-time transaction updates.
The available balance changes frequently throughout the day as transactions hit the bank account. Neither balance includes outstanding checks just written from the account, but the available balance updates for recent automated teller machine (ATM) withdrawals, deposits, and other transactions as the information is received by the bank.
Understanding the difference between ledger balance and available balance is a vital aspect of proper financial planning. After viewing the ledger balance, if a check is written or a transaction is made, an account holder may withdraw more money than is available.
This may lead to bank overdraft charges as well as fees from the other party's bank or business. Monitoring balances on a regular basis alerts a customer of any unauthorized transactions that occur or potential errors committed by the bank.
Ledger Balance
- Opening balance at the start of the day
- Balance without pending transactions
- Doesn’t change as frequently
Available Balance
- Real-time balance
- Changes throughout the day
- Money immediately available
Importance of Ledger Balances
The ledger balance is the balance at the beginning of the day—not the ending balance. This balance is usually calculated at the end of the day, which is the same as the available balance.
When you log into your mobile or online banking, you may not see the most updated information. Some banks display both the current and available balances, so consumers can tell how much they have to use at their disposal.
Don't rely on bank statements either. As noted above, balances displayed on statements are taken from a ledger balance on the statement date. Keep in mind that if you've conducted any transaction conducted after the statement date, such as deposits, withdrawals, checks, or anything else, will affect your available balance.
In order to ensure you're working with the most updated balance at all times, it's always important to keep your records up to date. You may consider keeping your own ledger, with a running total of your balance after considering any and all transactions through your account.
Example of a Ledger Balance
Say the opening balance for Monday morning is $1,000. You have a payroll deposit of $500 and $150 charges on your bank card. Regardless of the transaction, the ledger balance remains the same throughout the day.
That is, the deposit and the bank card charge haven’t officially cleared. However, the available balance will be updated to reflect these changes.
Can I Spend My Ledger Balance?
You can only spend your available balance and not your ledger balance. If the ledger balance is greater than the available balance, you can only spend up to the available balance.
What Is Ledger Balance and Available Balance?
Ledger balance is the amount of money in your account that might not account for transactions made during the day, such as charges or deposits. The available balance is the ledger balance less transactions made during the day.
How Long Does It Take for a Ledger Balance to Clear?
The ledger balance is often updated to reflect the available balance within a day. It generally takes less than 24 hours for the ledger balance to become available.
The Bottom Line
The ledger balance isn’t updated until the end of the business day. The available balance is the ledger balance with pending transactions added or subtracted. These pending transactions can include checks, wire transfers, deposits, and bank card charges.
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Related Terms
Available Balance: Definition and Comparison to Current Balance
The available balance in a checking or on-demand account is the amount that is immediately accessible to the account holder. Learn more about banking terms. more
What Is a Bank Statement: Definition, Benefits, and Requirements
A bank statement is a record, typically sent to the account holder every month, summarizing all transactions in an account during a set time period. more
What Is the Automated Clearing House (ACH), and How Does It Work?
The Automated Clearing House (ACH) is an electronic funds-transfer system run by the former National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA), now known as Nacha. more
Available Funds: What They are, How They Work, Example
Available funds is the amount of money that is in your bank account and accessible for immediate use. more
What Is a Banking Holiday? Definition, Schedule, and Impact
A bank holiday is a business day during which financial institutions are closed. But many online banking services continue to operate. more
Deposit Slip: What It Is, How It Works, Benefits
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By ALICIA TUOVILA Updated October 11, 2023
Reviewed by THOMAS J. CATALANOReviewed by Thomas J. Catalano
Full Bio
Thomas J Catalano is a CFP and Registered Investment Adviser with the state of South Carolina, where he launched his own financial advisory firm in 2018. Thomas' experience gives him expertise in a variety of areas including investments, retirement, insurance, and financial planning.
Learn about our Financial Review Board
Fact checked by DANIEL RATHBURNInvestopedia / Dennis Madamba
What Is a Ledger Balance?
A ledger balance is computed by a bank at the end of each business day and includes all withdrawals and deposits to calculate the total amount of money in a bank account. The ledger balance is the opening balance in the bank account the next morning and remains the same all day.
The ledger balance is also often referred to as the current balance and is different than the available balance in an account. If you log into your online banking, you may see your current balance—the balance at the beginning of the day—and the available balance, which is the aggregate amount at any point during the day.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
- A ledger balance is calculated at the end of each business day by a bank and includes all debits and credits.
- It is the opening balance in the bank account the next morning and remains the same all day.
- The ledger balance differs from the customer's available balance, which is the aggregate funds accessible for withdrawal at any one point.
Formula and Calculation of Ledger Balance
You can use the following formula to calculate the ledger balance of your account:
Ledger Balance = Opening. Balance + Credits - Debits
In order to calculate your ledger balance, add all the credits (deposits, reversals, etc.) that go through your account during the day to the opening balance. Then subtract all the withdrawals, transfers, and other debits from that figure. This will give you the end of day or ledger balance.
How a Ledger Balance Works
The ledger balance is updated at the end of the business day after all transactions are approved and processed. Banks calculate this balance after posting all transactions, such as deposits, interest income, wire transfers that go both in or out, cleared checks, cleared credit card or debit transactions, and any correction of errors. It represents the existing balance on an account at the onset of the next business day.
Processing delays related to pending deposits can occur because the bank must first receive funds from the financial institution of the person or business who issued the check, wire transfer, or another form of payment. Once the money has been transferred, the money is made accessible to the account holder.
The bank statement only provides the ledger balance to a particular date. Deposits made and checks written on or after this date do not appear on the statement. The ledger balance may be used to determine whether the requirement to maintain a specific minimum balance is being satisfied. It is also included in bank account receipts. The ledger balance differs from the available balance of the bank account.
In banking and accounting, the ledger balance is used in the reconciliation of book balances.
How to Calculate a Ledger Balance
You can calculate your ledger balance by taking the opening balance and subtract debits and add any credits/deposits.
Debits may include any transaction made throughout the day, such as bank card transactions. Credits include deposits, such as payroll, as well as payments from customers or refunds.
After adding the credits and subtracting the debits from your opening balance, you’ll have your current ledger balance.
Ledger Balance vs. Available Balance
The ledger balance differs from the customer's available balance, which is the aggregate funds accessible for withdrawal at any one point. Because the ledger balance remains the same throughout the day, it does not include real-time transaction updates.
The available balance changes frequently throughout the day as transactions hit the bank account. Neither balance includes outstanding checks just written from the account, but the available balance updates for recent automated teller machine (ATM) withdrawals, deposits, and other transactions as the information is received by the bank.
Understanding the difference between ledger balance and available balance is a vital aspect of proper financial planning. After viewing the ledger balance, if a check is written or a transaction is made, an account holder may withdraw more money than is available.
This may lead to bank overdraft charges as well as fees from the other party's bank or business. Monitoring balances on a regular basis alerts a customer of any unauthorized transactions that occur or potential errors committed by the bank.
Ledger Balance
- Opening balance at the start of the day
- Balance without pending transactions
- Doesn’t change as frequently
Available Balance
- Real-time balance
- Changes throughout the day
- Money immediately available
Importance of Ledger Balances
The ledger balance is the balance at the beginning of the day—not the ending balance. This balance is usually calculated at the end of the day, which is the same as the available balance.
When you log into your mobile or online banking, you may not see the most updated information. Some banks display both the current and available balances, so consumers can tell how much they have to use at their disposal.
Don't rely on bank statements either. As noted above, balances displayed on statements are taken from a ledger balance on the statement date. Keep in mind that if you've conducted any transaction conducted after the statement date, such as deposits, withdrawals, checks, or anything else, will affect your available balance.
In order to ensure you're working with the most updated balance at all times, it's always important to keep your records up to date. You may consider keeping your own ledger, with a running total of your balance after considering any and all transactions through your account.
Example of a Ledger Balance
Say the opening balance for Monday morning is $1,000. You have a payroll deposit of $500 and $150 charges on your bank card. Regardless of the transaction, the ledger balance remains the same throughout the day.
That is, the deposit and the bank card charge haven’t officially cleared. However, the available balance will be updated to reflect these changes.
Can I Spend My Ledger Balance?
You can only spend your available balance and not your ledger balance. If the ledger balance is greater than the available balance, you can only spend up to the available balance.
What Is Ledger Balance and Available Balance?
Ledger balance is the amount of money in your account that might not account for transactions made during the day, such as charges or deposits. The available balance is the ledger balance less transactions made during the day.
How Long Does It Take for a Ledger Balance to Clear?
The ledger balance is often updated to reflect the available balance within a day. It generally takes less than 24 hours for the ledger balance to become available.
The Bottom Line
The ledger balance isn’t updated until the end of the business day. The available balance is the ledger balance with pending transactions added or subtracted. These pending transactions can include checks, wire transfers, deposits, and bank card charges.
Compete Risk Free with $100,000 in Virtual Cash
Put your trading skills to the test with our FREE Stock Simulator. Compete with thousands of Investopedia traders and trade your way to the top! Submit trades in a virtual environment before you start risking your own money. Practice trading strategies so that when you're ready to enter the real market, you've had the practice you need. Try our Stock Simulator today >>
Related Terms
Available Balance: Definition and Comparison to Current Balance
The available balance in a checking or on-demand account is the amount that is immediately accessible to the account holder. Learn more about banking terms. more
What Is a Bank Statement: Definition, Benefits, and Requirements
A bank statement is a record, typically sent to the account holder every month, summarizing all transactions in an account during a set time period. more
What Is the Automated Clearing House (ACH), and How Does It Work?
The Automated Clearing House (ACH) is an electronic funds-transfer system run by the former National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA), now known as Nacha. more
Available Funds: What They are, How They Work, Example
Available funds is the amount of money that is in your bank account and accessible for immediate use. more
What Is a Banking Holiday? Definition, Schedule, and Impact
A bank holiday is a business day during which financial institutions are closed. But many online banking services continue to operate. more
Deposit Slip: What It Is, How It Works, Benefits
A deposit slip is a paper form that a bank customer includes when depositing funds into a bank account. It cites the depositor's account number and the amount deposited more
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