What is OSİ Model?

The OSI model (Open Systems Interconnection model) is a standardized model that describes the functionality and organization of network protocols. This model divides network protocols into several layers, each layer specifying different functions. The OSI model was created by standardization bodies and has played a fundamental role in the development of network technologies. The layers of the OSI model are as follows:
1. Physical Layer: This layer determines how data is sent between physical devices. It includes physical components such as cables, hubs, and network interface cards (NICs).
2. Data Link Layer: This layer specifies the protocols for how network components receive and transmit data to the intended recipient. It involves the use of MAC (Media Access Control) addresses.
3. Network Layer: This layer determines how data will be delivered to its destination. It involves the use of IP (Internet Protocol) addresses.
4. Transport Layer: This layer ensures the quality and delivery of data. Protocols such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) reside at this layer.
5. Session Layer: This layer manages data operations and user sessions. It handles the opening, closing, and management of sessions.
6. Presentation Layer: This layer addresses issues related to the format and encryption of data. Tasks such as data encryption, compression, and formatting are handled at this layer.
7. Application Layer: This layer manages user access to data. Protocols such as HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), and FTP (File Transfer Protocol) reside at this layer. These layers are used to organize network protocols more effectively and efficiently.