Mahatma Gandhi: The Father of India

Mohandas Gandhi was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific title Mahatma—meaning “Great-Souled”—was bestowed on him first in 1914 in South Africa, and became widely used in India in the 1920s. He is internationally honored as the Father of India.
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Gandhi was born into a Hindu merchant family in Porbandar, Gujarat, on October 2, 1869. He was educated in India and in England, where he studied law. After returning to India in 1891, he began practicing law in Bombay. In 1893, he went to South Africa to represent a Muslim client in a court case. While in South Africa, Gandhi became involved in the struggle of Indian immigrants against racial discrimination. He organized protests and strikes, and he also developed the philosophy of nonviolent resistance that he would later use in India.
In 1900, during the Boer War, Gandhi volunteered to form a group of stretcher-bearers called Natal Indian Ambulance Corps. According to Arthur Herman, Gandhi wanted to invalidate the British stereotype about Hindus being not fit for “manly” activities involving danger.
In 1915, after 21 years in South Africa Gandhi returned to India. He soon became involved in the nationalist movement, and he quickly rose to prominence as a leader. He led protests against British rule, and he also worked to improve the lives of the poor and the oppressed. In 1920, he founded the Non-Cooperation Movement, which was a major turning point in the struggle for independence.
In 1930, Gandhi led the Salt March, a major protest against the British salt monopoly. He was arrested and imprisoned, but the protest was successful in drawing attention to the Indian cause. In 1932, Gandhi negotiated a pact with the British that granted limited self-government to India.
In 1942, Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement, calling for the British to leave India. He was arrested and imprisoned for two years. In 1947, India gained independence from Britain. Gandhi was disappointed that the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two dominions, a Hindu-majority India and a Muslim-majority Pakistan.
Religious violence broke out, particularly in Punjab and Bengal. Gandhi tried to mitigate the worriment. In the following months he took several hunger strikes to cease the religious violence. His final protest began on January 12, 1948. He pressured India to pay for assets owed to Pakistan.
Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist. He was shot three times on the chest while he was on his way to a prayer meeting.
Gandhi's legacy is immense. He is considered one of the most important figures in Indian history, and his philosophy of nonviolent resistance has inspired movements for civil rights and freedom around the world. He is also considered the Father of Satyagraha. The word Satyagraha is derived from two Sanskrit words, satya (truth) and agraha (force). Satyagraha means “truth force.” Gandhi believed that truth is the most powerful force in the world, and that it can be used to overcome even the most powerful oppressor.
Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolent resistance has been adopted by many other leaders, including Martin Luther King, Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Aung San Suu Kyi. It is a powerful force for change, and it has helped to make the world a more just and peaceful place.

Gandhi's writings

Mohandas Gandhi was a prolific writer, and his works are a valuable source of insight into his思想and philosophy. His writings cover a wide range of topics, including religion, politics, social reform, and economics.
Hind Swaraj
One of Gandhi's most important works is Hind Swaraj, or Indian Home Rule. This book was written in 1909, while Gandhi was in prison in South Africa. It is a dialogue between a nationalist and a British imperialist, and it sets out Gandhi's views on Indian independence.
Satyagraha in South Africa
Gandhi's other major work is Satyagraha in South Africa. This book is a collection of Gandhi's writings on his experiences in South Africa. It includes his letters, speeches, and articles.
Other writings
In addition to these two major works, Gandhi wrote many other books, pamphlets, and articles. His writings have been translated into many languages, and they are read by people all over the world.
The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi
The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi is a 90-volume set of Gandhi's writings. It was published by the Government of India between 1958 and 1994. The Collected Works includes Gandhi's letters, speeches, articles, and books. It is an essential resource for anyone who wants to study Gandhi's life and thought.
Gandhi's legacy
Gandhi's writings are a valuable source of insight into his思想and philosophy. They are also a testament to his commitment to truth, justice, and nonviolence. Gandhi's legacy continues to inspire people all over the world.
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Mahatma Gandhi's Assassination

Mohandas Gandhi, the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India, was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist. He was shot three times on the chest while he was on his way to a prayer meeting.
Background
Gandhi had been a leading figure in the Indian independence movement for decades. He had employed nonviolent civil disobedience as a means to achieve his goals, and he had been successful in leading India to independence in 1947.
However, Gandhi's vision of a united India was not to be. The British Indian Empire was partitioned into two dominions, a Hindu-majority India and a Muslim-majority Pakistan. Religious violence broke out, particularly in Punjab and Bengal. Gandhi tried to mitigate the worriment. In the following months he took several hunger strikes to cease the religious violence. His final protest began on January 12, 1948. He pressured India to pay for assets owed to Pakistan.
Assassination
On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was on his way to a prayer meeting in Birla House, New Delhi. He was walking through the garden when Godse approached him and fired three shots into his chest. Gandhi died instantly.
Godse
Nathuram Godse was a Hindu nationalist who believed that Gandhi was too soft on Pakistan. He was also a member of the Hindu Mahasabha, a right-wing Hindu organization.
Aftermath
Gandhi's assassination was a major shock to India and the world. He was mourned by millions of people, and his death led to a wave of violence against Hindus in India.
Godse was arrested and tried for murder. He was found guilty and sentenced to death. He was hanged on November 15, 1949.
Legacy
Gandhi's assassination was a tragedy, but it did not stop his legacy from living on. He is still revered as the Father of India, and his philosophy of nonviolence continues to inspire people all over the world.
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