Heraclitus: The Ephesian on Fire

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7 Mar 2024

Herakleitos
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wikipedia.org

Heraclitus (/həˈræklɪtəs/; Greek: Ἡράκλειτος, Hērákleitos, "glory of Hera"; c. 540 – c. 480 BC), also known as Heraclitus the Obscure, was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Ephesus, Ionia. He was known for his beliefs in the importance of change and flux, and for his cryptic and paradoxical sayings.
Life
Heraclitus was born in Ephesus, a Greek city in Ionia (modern-day Turkey), around 540 BC. He was the son of a wealthy family and is said to have been descended from the royal family of Ephesus.
Heraclitus was a solitary and contemplative individual. He is said to have shunned public life and spent most of his time studying and writing. He was also known for his irascible temper and his contempt for the common people.
Heraclitus's only surviving work is a book entitled On Nature. The book is a collection of aphorisms and fragments that are often obscure and difficult to understand.
Philosophy
Heraclitus's philosophy is based on the idea that everything in the universe is in a state of constant flux. He famously said that "you cannot step into the same river twice" because the water is always flowing.
Heraclitus also believed that the universe is governed by a principle of opposites, which he called logos. Logos is the eternal law of nature that brings order to the chaos of the universe.
Heraclitus's philosophy had a profound influence on later philosophers, including Plato, Aristotle, and Hegel. His ideas about change and flux are still relevant today, and they continue to be debated by philosophers and scientists.
Legacy
Heraclitus is considered one of the most important pre-Socratic philosophers. His ideas about change and flux have had a profound influence on Western thought.
Heraclitus's philosophy is still relevant today, and it continues to be debated by philosophers and scientists. His ideas about change and flux can help us to understand the world around us and to live in a more harmonious way with nature.
Quotes

"The only constant is change."
"You cannot step into the same river twice."
"War is the father of all things."
"The way up and the way down are the same."
"The soul is a fire."

Influence
Heraclitus's philosophy had a profound influence on later philosophers, including Plato, Aristotle, and Hegel. His ideas about change and flux are still relevant today, and they continue to be debated by philosophers and scientists.
Further reading

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heraclitus/
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: https://iep.utm.edu/heraclit/
Heraclitus: Fragments: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/36

Heraclitus and his works

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en.wikipedia.org

Heraclitus

Heraclitus (c. 540 – c. 480 BC), also known as Heraclitus the Obscure, was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Ephesus, Ionia. He was known for his beliefs in the importance of change and flux, and for his cryptic and paradoxical sayings.
Life
Heraclitus was born in Ephesus, a Greek city in Ionia (modern-day Turkey), around 540 BC. He was the son of a wealthy family and is said to have been descended from the royal family of Ephesus.
Heraclitus was a solitary and contemplative individual. He is said to have shunned public life and spent most of his time studying and writing. He was also known for his irascible temper and his contempt for the common people.
Heraclitus's only surviving work is a book entitled On Nature. The book is a collection of aphorisms and fragments that are often obscure and difficult to understand.
Philosophy
Heraclitus's philosophy is based on the idea that everything in the universe is in a state of constant flux. He famously said that "you cannot step into the same river twice" because the water is always flowing.
Heraclitus also believed that the universe is governed by a principle of opposites, which he called logos. Logos is the eternal law of nature that brings order to the chaos of the universe.
Legacy
Heraclitus is considered one of the most important pre-Socratic philosophers. His ideas about change and flux have had a profound influence on Western thought.
Works

On Nature

Quotes

"The only constant is change."
"You cannot step into the same river twice."
"War is the father of all things."
"The way up and the way down are the same."
"The soul is a fire."

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heraclitus/
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: https://iep.utm.edu/heraclit/
Heraclitus: Fragments: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/36

Philosophers influenced by Heraclitus

Plato (428/427–348/347 BCE): Plato was a student of Socrates and the founder of the Academy in Athens. He was influenced by Heraclitus's ideas about change and flux, and he incorporated them into his own philosophy.
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www.britannica.com
Plato

Aristotle (384–322 BCE): Aristotle was a student of Plato and the founder of the Lyceum in Athens. He was influenced by Heraclitus's ideas about the unity of opposites, and he incorporated them into his own philosophy.
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en.wikipedia.org
Aristotle

Stoics : The Stoics were a school of philosophy that originated in Athens in the early 3rd century BCE. They were influenced by Heraclitus's ideas about fate and logos, and they incorporated them into their own philosophy.
Hegel (1770-1831): Hegel was a German philosopher who is considered one of the most important figures in the history of Western philosophy. He was influenced by Heraclitus's ideas about change and flux, and he incorporated them into his own philosophy.
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en.wikipedia.org
Hegel

Nietzsche (1844-1900): Nietzsche was a German philosopher who is considered one of the most important figures in the history of Western philosophy. He was influenced by Heraclitus's ideas about the will to power and the eternal recurrence, and he incorporated them into his own philosophy.
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en.wikipedia.org
Nietzsche

Further reading

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heraclitus/
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: https://iep.utm.edu/heraclit/
Heraclitus: Fragments: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/36

Death of Heraclitus

Heraclitus (c. 540 – c. 480 BCE), also known as Heraclitus the Obscure, was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Ephesus, Ionia. He was known for his beliefs in the importance of change and flux, and for his cryptic and paradoxical sayings.
Death
The death of Heraclitus is a matter of some debate. According to the Roman biographer Diogenes Laërtius, Heraclitus died of dropsy. He is said to have covered himself in cow dung in an attempt to cure himself, but this only made his condition worse. He died at the age of 60.
Other accounts
Other accounts of Heraclitus's death are more fanciful. One account says that he was so disgusted by the people of Ephesus that he smeared himself with manure and retired to a cave, where he died. Another account says that he was attacked by dogs and died of his wounds.
Legacy
Heraclitus's death is a reminder of the fragility of life. It is also a reminder of the importance of his philosophy, which teaches us that everything in the universe is in a state of constant flux.
Further reading