Contemporary Period (late 20th century – present)

Cold War Period (1947-1991): Contemporary Period, II. It started under the influence of the Cold War from the end of World War II. During this period, at the peak of the ideological and military rivalry between the USA and the Soviet Union, the world was divided into two blocs. Military alliances such as NATO and the Warsaw Pact have been formed, the nuclear arms race has posed a great danger, and many regional conflicts have emerged as a result of this process.

Struggle for Independence of the Colonies: The Contemporary Period is a period in which independence movements increased among the former colonies of Europe. Many African, Asian and American countries struggled to gain independence from colonial powers. This process is known as decolonization and has led to significant changes politically, economically and culturally.

Technological Revolution and Globalization: The Contemporary Era is a period in which technological advances accelerate and globalization deepens. The rise of new technologies such as computers, the Internet, mobile communication technologies and digital media have revolutionized the world of communication and business. Globalization has manifested itself with the increase in trade, capital movements and cultural interaction in the world economy

Human Rights Movements: The Contemporary Era has witnessed the rise of many movements focusing on human rights and equality. Many social movements have fought for justice and equality, such as the civil rights movement, the women's rights movement, the LGBT+ rights movement, and the environmental movement.

Terrorism and International Security: Major terrorist events such as the September 11 attacks have reshaped international security and counter-terrorism strategies. Terrorism has become a significant security threat in interstate relations.

Environmental Problems and Sustainability: The Contemporary Era is a period in which the importance of sustainability and environmental protection issues increases with the increase in environmental problems. Problems such as climate change, depletion of natural resources, loss of biodiversity and pollution have attracted the attention of the international community and have become urgent issues that need solutions.