Renaissance and Art

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17 Feb 2024
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Pre-Renaissance Art

Pre-Renaissance art is the art of the period between the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century. It is a diverse and complex period, with many different styles and influences.
Some of the most important characteristics of Pre-Renaissance art include:

  • A focus on religious themes: Pre-Renaissance art was largely religious in nature, with many works depicting scenes from the Bible or the lives of saints.
  • A use of stylized forms: Pre-Renaissance artists did not strive for realism in their art. Instead, they used stylized forms to represent the world around them.
  • A limited use of color: Pre-Renaissance art was often characterized by a limited use of color. This was due in part to the high cost of pigments, as well as the technical limitations of the time.

Some of the most famous examples of Pre-Renaissance art include:

  • The Book of Kells: The Book of Kells is an illuminated manuscript that was created in Ireland in the 9th century. It is one of the most famous examples of Insular art, which is a style of Pre-Renaissance art that is characterized by its use of interlace and spiral patterns.
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  • Book of Kells
  • The mosaics of Ravenna: The mosaics of Ravenna are a series of Byzantine mosaics that were created in the 6th century. They are some of the best-preserved examples of Byzantine art, and they are known for their use of rich colors and gold leaf.
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  • mosaics of Ravenna
  • The Sutton Hoo ship burial: The Sutton Hoo ship burial is an Anglo-Saxon ship burial that was discovered in England in 1939. The burial contained a wealth of grave goods, including gold and silver jewelry, weapons, and armor. These objects provide a valuable insight into Anglo-Saxon art and culture.
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  • Sutton Hoo ship burial

Pre-Renaissance art is a rich and diverse tradition that had a profound impact on the development of Western art. It is a testament to the creativity and ingenuity of the artists who created it.
Some of the most famous Pre-Renaissance artists include:

  • Giotto di Bondone: Giotto was an Italian painter and architect who is considered to be one of the most important figures in the development of Western art. He is best known for his frescoes in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua, Italy.
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  • Giotto di Bondone paintings
  • Duccio di Buoninsegna: Duccio was an Italian painter who is considered to be one of the most important figures in the development of Sienese art. He is best known for his Maestà, which is a large altarpiece that is now in the Siena Cathedral.
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  • Duccio di Buoninsegna paintings
  • Simone Martini: Simone was an Italian painter who is considered to be one of the most important figures in the development of International Gothic style. He is best known for his frescoes in the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena, Italy.


The Renaissance

The Renaissance was a period of cultural and artistic rebirth in Europe that began in Italy in the 14th century and lasted until the 17th century. The Renaissance was a time of great change and upheaval, as Europeans began to question the traditional values of the Middle Ages and embrace new ideas about humanism, individualism, and secularism.
Art
One of the most important aspects of the Renaissance was its focus on art. Renaissance artists broke away from the stylized and unrealistic art of the Middle Ages and began to create more realistic and lifelike works of art. They were also interested in exploring new techniques and perspectives, such as linear perspective and chiaroscuro.
Some of the most famous Renaissance artists include:

  • Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519): da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientist. He is best known for his paintings, including the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.










Literature
The Renaissance was also a time of great literary achievement. Renaissance writers began to explore new themes and genres, such as secular love poetry and historical drama. They were also interested in reviving the classical literature of ancient Greece and Rome.
Some of the most famous Renaissance writers include:

  • William Shakespeare (1564-1616): Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet, and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. His plays include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, and Macbeth.



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  • Dante Alighieri (1265-1321): Dante was an Italian poet. He is best known for his poem the Divine Comedy, which is considered one of the greatest works of literature ever written.



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  • Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374): Petrarch was an Italian poet and scholar. He is best known for his sonnets, which are love poems that express his love for a woman named Laura.



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  • Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375): Boccaccio was an Italian writer and poet. He is best known for his book The Decameron, which is a collection of stories that are told by a group of young people who are fleeing from the Black Death.



Science
The Renaissance was also a time of great scientific discovery. Renaissance scientists made important advances in astronomy, anatomy, and mathematics. They also began to challenge the traditional authority of the Catholic Church and to question the Aristotelian view of the universe.
Some of the most famous Renaissance scientists include:

  • Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543): Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who proposed that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun. This discovery overturned the Ptolemaic model of the universe, which had been accepted for centuries.



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  • Galileo Galilei (1564-1642): Galileo was an Italian astronomer, physicist, and engineer. He is best known for his work on the telescope and his support of the Copernican heliocentric model of the universe.



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  • Johannes Kepler (1571-1630): Kepler was a German astronomer and mathematician. He is best known for his three laws of planetary motion, which describe the motion of planets around the Sun.



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  • Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564): Vesalius was a Belgian anatomist who is considered the founder of modern anatomy. He published a book called On the Fabric of the Human Body, which was the first accurate description of the human body.



The Renaissance had a profound impact on European culture and society. It led to a new emphasis on humanism, individualism, and secularism. It also sparked a revolution in art, literature, and science. The Renaissance is considered one of the most important periods in Western history.

The Post-Renaissance

The Post-Renaissance, also known as the Mannerist period, was a period of art that emerged in Italy in the late 16th century and spread to other parts of Europe in the 17th century. It was a reaction to the High Renaissance, which had emphasized harmony, balance, and realism. Mannerist artists, on the other hand, were interested in creating art that was more expressive, dynamic, and artificial.
Art
Some of the characteristics of Mannerist art include:

  • Elongated figures
  • Distorted proportions
  • Acidic colors
  • Theatrical poses
  • Complex compositions

Some of the most famous Mannerist artists include:

  • Michelangelo (1475-1564): Michelangelo was a sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. He is best known for his sculptures, including the David and the Pietà.


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  • David by Michelangelo
  • El Greco (1541-1614): El Greco was a Greek painter, sculptor, and architect. He is best known for his paintings, which are characterized by their elongated figures, distorted proportions, and acidic colors.
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  • El Greco paintings
  • Parmigianino (1503-1540): Parmigianino was an Italian painter and printmaker. He is best known for his paintings, which are characterized by their elongated figures, graceful poses, and complex compositions.
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  • Parmigianino paintings
  • Tintoretto (1518-1594): Tintoretto was an Italian painter. He is best known for his paintings, which are characterized by their dramatic lighting, dynamic compositions, and use of foreshortening.
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  • Tintoretto paintings

Literature
The Post-Renaissance was also a time of great literary achievement. Post-Renaissance writers continued to explore the themes and genres of the Renaissance, but they also began to experiment with new forms of writing, such as the novel and the essay.
Some of the most famous Post-Renaissance writers include:

  • William Shakespeare (1564-1616): Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet, and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. His plays include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, and Macbeth.
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  • William Shakespeare
  • Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616): Cervantes was a Spanish writer. He is best known for his novel Don Quixote, which is considered one of the greatest works of literature ever written.
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  • Miguel de Cervantes
  • Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527): Machiavelli was an Italian diplomat, philosopher, and writer. He is best known for his book The Prince, which is a guide to how to acquire and maintain political power.
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  • Niccolò Machiavelli
  • Francis Bacon (1561-1626): Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, and scientist. He is best known for his method of scientific inquiry, which is based on observation and experimentation.
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  • Francis Bacon

Science
The Post-Renaissance was also a time of great scientific discovery. Post-Renaissance scientists made important advances in astronomy, anatomy, and mathematics. They also continued to challenge the traditional authority of the Catholic Church and to question the Aristotelian view of the universe.
Some of the most famous Post-Renaissance scientists include:

  • Galileo Galilei (1564-1642): Galileo was an Italian astronomer, physicist, and engineer. He is best known for his work on the telescope and his support of the Copernican heliocentric model of the universe.
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  • Galileo Galilei
  • Johannes Kepler (1571-1630): Kepler was a German astronomer and mathematician. He is best known for his three laws of planetary motion, which describe the motion of planets around the Sun.
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  • www.nmspacemuseum.org
  • Johannes Kepler
  • William Harvey (1578-1657): Harvey was an English physician who is considered the discoverer of the circulation of blood.
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  • William Harvey
  • Isaac Newton (1643-1727): Newton was an English physicist and mathematician who is considered one of the greatest scientists of all time. He is best known for his laws of motion and his theory of universal gravitation.
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  • Isaac Newton

The Post-Renaissance had a profound impact on European culture and society. It led to a new emphasis on individualism, secularism, and scientific inquiry. It also helped to usher in the Age of Enlightenment.

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