What is Restless Leg Syndrome?

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, typically due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations often manifest during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly in the evening or at night, and can significantly disrupt sleep and daily activities.
While RLS can affect individuals of any age, it tends to become more pronounced with age and is more prevalent in women. The exact cause of RLS remains elusive, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors. Imbalances in neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, are thought to play a significant role, along with conditions like iron deficiency, chronic illnesses (such as diabetes or kidney disease), and certain medications.
Symptoms of RLS vary but commonly include an uncomfortable sensation in the legs, described as tingling, crawling, or creeping, accompanied by an irresistible urge to move the legs to alleviate the discomfort. These symptoms can fluctuate in severity and may worsen during periods of stress or inactivity, particularly in the evening or when lying down.
Diagnosis of RLS typically involves a thorough medical history review, physical examination, and assessment of symptoms, often requiring the exclusion of other conditions that may mimic RLS. Treatment approaches aim to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life, often involving lifestyle modifications (such as regular exercise and sleep hygiene practices), addressing underlying medical conditions (such as iron deficiency), and medication therapy (including dopamine agonists, anticonvulsants, and opioids).
Living with RLS can be challenging, as it can significantly impair sleep quality, lead to daytime fatigue and irritability, and affect overall well-being. Therefore, individuals with RLS may benefit from developing coping strategies, seeking support from healthcare professionals, and participating in patient advocacy groups to raise awareness and promote research into effective treatments for this complex disorder.