Ottoman Empire history Depression Era
The Interregnum, Depression Era or Fasıla-i Saltanat is a period of turmoil that lasted from 1402 to 1413 due to throne fights between four of the five surviving sons of the Ottoman ruler Yıldırım Bayezid . This process emerged when Yıldırım Bayezid was defeated and captured by Timur , the founder of the Timurid Empire , in the Battle of Ankara in 1402. The sons of Yıldırım Bayezid, who fought with each other for the throne during the Interregnum, are Emir Süleyman , İsa Çelebi , Musa Çelebi and Çelebi Mehmed . The disintegrated Ottoman unity was restored by Mehmed I (Çelebi Mehmet) in 1413. Depending on this development, the term "second founder of the state" is used for Çelebi Mehmet.
Etymology
İsa Çelebi Between 1402-1406
İsa Çelebi first settled around Balıkesir (Karesi). After Timur's army captured and plundered the city, he started to fight against his brother Musa Çelebi, who was ruling as emir with Timur's charter in Bursa. Although Musa Çelebi prevailed in previous conflicts, İsa Çelebi won in a battle around Balıkesir and Musa Çelebi fled to Germiyan ( Kütahya ). İsa Çelebi began to rule in Bursa as an emir with a charter from Timur.
After the Battle of Ulubat, İsa Çelebi first went to Yalova and from there to Istanbul. Emperor II Manuel was in Europe and his regent, Henry VII. John had signed a new agreement with Emir Suleiman at the beginning of 1403, which was very favorable for Byzantium . After Emir Süleyman, who was in Edirne , asked the Emperor for Jesus, İsa Çelebi was sent to Edirne in accordance with this agreement. Seeing Mehmet Çelebi as his biggest rival, Emir Süleyman gave his brother İsa Çelebi a strong army and sent him to Anatolia. İsa Bey came to Bursa, under the rule of Çelebi Mehmet, with this army. The people of Bursa were pleased with Mehmet Çelebi's administration and they started a fire in the city to prevent İsa Çelebi from taking over their city. Other sources write that the fire was started by İsa Çelebi supporters who realized that they would not be able to capture Bursa. In the battle between İsa Çelebi's forces and Mehmet Çelebi's forces in front of Bursa, İsa Çelebi was defeated again and was forced to flee.
This time İsa Çelebi took refuge in İsfandiyar Bey , son of Candar . İsa Çelebi, with the soldiers provided by Aydınoğlu Cüneyt Bey , Saruhan Bey Hızırşah Bey, Menteşe Bey İlyas Bey and Candar son, who regained their principality through Timur, attacked his brother Mehmet Çelebi, who was in Bursa, three more times between 1404-1405, and each time He was defeated and retreated.
Süleyman Çelebi between 1402-1411
After the defeat of Süleyman Çelebi, the commander of the left wing of the Ottoman army in the Battle of Ankara in 1402, he and Çandarlı Ali Pasha, the grand vizier of Yıldırım Beyazid , began to flee towards Rumelia under the close pursuit of Timur's troops. Timur's troops entered Bursa immediately after Süleyman Çelebi left there and destroyed and plundered the city.
Süleyman Çelebi went to Byzantine Emperor II, who was in Europe at that time, to get Byzantine support to dominate the Ottoman regions in Rumelia. Henry VII , who served as regent instead of Manuel . He entered into negotiations with John . At the end of the year, the negotiations ended, and at the beginning of 1403, a peace treaty was signed between Emir Suleiman personally and the Byzantine regent, Venice, Genova, the Knights of San Jean of Rhodes, the Serbian Despot Stefan Lazeravic and the Latin Duke of Naxos. According to this agreement, Byzantium would cease to be a vassal to the Ottomans and stop paying annual compensation, and in return, the sultanate of Süleyman Çelebi would accept the supreme sovereignty of Byzantium. To show his good will, Süleyman Çelebi would give back to Byzantium Thessaloniki and its surroundings on the Aegean coast, the Athos (Athos) peninsula, some Aegean islands, and the land on the Black Sea coast from the entrance to the Bosphorus to Nishapur (even to Varna). More commercial privileges would be provided to Italian maritime cities in Ottoman countries. The Ottomans were to hand back all the Byzantine and other signatory country captives they had. Ottoman ships would not enter the Dardanelles and Bosphorus Straits without permission from Byzantium. In return, all countries that signed the agreement would accept Süleyman Çelebi as the ruler of the Ottoman Empire, whose capital was in Edirne. II received this news in Venice in Europe. Manuel Palaiologos immediately returned to Istanbul and accepted this agreement by signing it himself.
Süleyman Çelebi, who ascended the throne in Edirne in 1402, became the legitimate ruler who received the support of civilian and military staff and neighboring countries after the peace agreement at the beginning of 1403, through his grand vizier Çandarlı Ali Pasha. From then on, Süleyman Çelebi abandoned himself to having a good time with drinks in the palace in Edirne. Meanwhile, he increased his power over Serbia by taking advantage of the struggle between Stefan Lazarovic and Jorg Brankovic in the Serbian despotism. But he never gave up on his ideal of taking Anatolia and renewing the old Ottoman Empire. For this reason, in 1403, he gave a large army to his brother İsa Çelebi, who took refuge in him, and sent him to Anatolia. However, İsa Çelebi was not successful.
When Mehmet Çelebi defeated İsa Çelebi in 1406, Süleyman Çelebi clung more strongly to his goal of conquering Anatolia and gathered his forces and moved to the Anatolian side. While Mehmet Çelebi was not there, he attacked Bursa and captured the city. Realizing that he could not resist his brother, Mehmet Çelebi retreated to Amasya. With a successful maneuver by Grand Vizier Çandarlı Ali Pasha, he captured Ankara and plundered the settlements left behind by his brother. This time, as the ruler of Rumelia and Anatolia, he devoted himself to "iyş-ü-nuş" in Bursa. Taking advantage of this, Mehmet Çelebi marched on Bursa again. The two armies faced each other in the Yenişehir plain. However, Süleyman Çelebi's grand vizier Çandarlı Ali Pasha deceived the advisors of Mehmet Çelebi's army with various maneuvers and caused the army to disband without going to war. Mehmet Çelebi had to flee to Amasya again, this time without an army.
Süleyman Çelebi started to continue drinking and having fun in Bursa. In 1406, he rebelled again and captured Sivrihisar Castle, which Timur had given to the Karamanids. The raiders attacked the Karaman country. Aydınoğlu Cüneyd Bey and Menteşeoğlu İlyas Bey had to recognize the supreme sovereignty of Süleyman Çelebi.
In 1406, Çandarlı Ali Pasha, the architect of this success of Süleyman Çelebi and who had been the grand vizier for 20 years since the end of the reign of Murad I, died. The death of this experienced statesman marked the end of Süleyman Çelebi's power, and after that the collapse of Emir Süleyman's power began. One reason for this was that Süleyman Çelebi gave importance to Anatolia and reduced the effective power of the veteran raiders and immigrant Turkmens in Rumelia on the throne.
In 1409, Mehmet Çelebi began to implement a new strategy. Accordingly, he would make an agreement with his brother Musa Çelebi and send him to Rumelia via Wallachia , and while he would delay and even defeat Süleyman Çelebi in Rumelia, Mehmet Çelebi would capture Anatolia and Bursa.
Süleyman Çelebi learned the news of his brother Musa Çelebi going to Wallachia and gathering an army there while he was in Ayasoluk . He took Izmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey with him, secured Byzantine support, quickly moved to Rumelia and went to Edirne. In order to stand against Musa Çelebi's attacks, to ensure the safety of Thrace and easy passage through the Straits , Emir Süleyman went to Istanbul that autumn. During the talks, Byzantine Emperor II. Addressing Manuel as "dear father", he informed him that he could not resist Musa's attacks without Byzantine support. Emperor II, who knew that Musa Çelebi would pursue a much harsher policy against Byzantium and who still had Yıldırım's sieges of Istanbul on his mind. Manuel and Süleyman Çelebi signed a support agreement. To demonstrate his good will to Byzantium, Emir Suleiman gave his younger brother Kasim and his sister Fatima as hostages to Byzantium, and took a young daughter, the illegitimate daughter of Theodore, Despot of Epirus and the Emperor's niece, as his own wife. received as. Immediately afterwards, he made a peace agreement with the Karamanoğulları.
Mehmet Çelebi, who was successful in the first stage of this strategy, immediately entered Bursa and took over the Anatolian administration. In 1410, Musa Çelebi married the daughter of the Wallachian Voivode and managed to gather an army from the Turkmens settled along the Rumelia border with Wallachian, Bulgarian and Serbian support. That year, a war broke out between the armies of Süleyman Çelebi and Musa Çelebi in the land between Edirne and Eyüp (Kosmidion), with a series of battles and raids. Although Süleyman Çelebi prevailed in the first clashes in June and July 1410, he was not that much of a warrior. For this reason, Süleyman Çelebi retired to the Edirne palace and indulged in drinking and entertainment again. Those around him were not happy with this situation, especially the fact that he was very nice to Christians and spent his time drinking and having fun, and many of his supporters, no matter how important or important, left Süleyman Çelebi.
Musa Çelebi between 1402-1413
Musa Çelebi remained a prisoner next to his father, who was captured by Timur in the Battle of Ankara . According to some sources, when Yıldırım died in captivity in 1403, his body was sent to Bursa, accompanied by Musa Çelebi, upon the order of Timur.
Bursa was invaded and plundered by Timur and his army. Musa Çelebi started to rule in Bursa as an emir who was chartered from Timur. In the same year, when İsa Çelebi came to the vicinity of the Square and started threatening Musa, Musa Çelebi made a number of successful attacks against him, but could not eliminate him. In the last battle around Balıkesir, Musa Çelebi was defeated. First he fled to Germiyan and from there he took refuge in Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey.
In 1409, Musa Çelebi received a letter from his brother Mehmet Çelebi, who later captured Bursa, but lost this city to Süleyman Çelebi and retreated to Amasya. The two brothers met at Cemele Castle near Kırşehir to find and agree on a strategy to eliminate Süleyman Çelebi. According to the plan they accepted, Musa Çelebi would move from Rumelia to Wallachia and march on Edirne with the soldiers he gathered from the surrounding area. To prevent this, Mehmet Çelebi was going to attack Bursa, which was left empty by Süleyman Çelebi. In other words, Mehmet Çelebi and Musa Çelebi agreed to divide the Ottoman state into two, with Musa Çelebi becoming the sultan of the Ottoman Rumelian lands in Edirne, and Mehmet Çelebi being the Sultan of the Ottoman Anatolian lands in Bursa.
Musa Çelebi went from Sinop to Wallachia with a ship. He married the daughter of Mirce , the voivode of Wallachia . He established a new army consisting of Turkmens and a large number of Wallachian soldiers provided by Mirce. Hearing this, Süleyman Çelebi immediately went from Bursa to Constantinople and from there to Edirne for Byzantine support. Marching from Amasya, Çelebi Mehmet also captured Bursa. Musa Çelebi went south from the Balkans with his newly gathered army in 1410; He started a series of raids and small skirmishes in the region between Edirne and Kosmidion (Eyüp) against the army of Süleyman Çelebi, which had military support from Byzantium.
Musa Çelebi last raided Edirne with his army on a cold winter night on February 17, 1411, while Süleyman was on a drinking binge in a bathhouse. Süleyman Çelebi's supporters and army lost morale and some of them left. Others refrained from defending him. At first, Süleyman did not believe those who reported the situation and insulted them; But when he finally realized the gravity of his situation, he fled Edirne at night with a very small number of men. But when he came to Döğenciler village, he was recognized and the villagers killed Süleyman and sent his severed head to Edirne to Musa Çelebi.
Thus, Musa Çelebi came to the throne in Edirne in 1411. The Ottoman Empire was divided into two, with Çelebi Mehmet ruling in Anatolia and Musa Çelebi ruling in Europe. Musa Çelebi, who started to rule in Edirne on the Rumelia side, started to implement more effective policies than Süleyman Çelebi. First, by meeting the demands of the border veterans , he captured Köprülü and Pravadı castles and the Nobirda silver mine center. Mihaloğlu and his raiders raided the interior of Macedonia .
The agreement made between the Byzantine Emperor and Süleyman Çelebi was terminated. However, he wanted to take back the lands that Süleyman Çelebi had left to Byzantium, and due to the rejection of this request and the support he actually gave to Süleyman Çelebi, II. He thought it was necessary to punish Manuel. Musa Çelebi recaptured the regions that had been captured by Byzantium. But what Musa Çelebi did was to start a new siege of Constantinople in 1411. Despite the defeat of Musa Çelebi's small naval force and the land walls of Constantinople deemed impenetrable, Musa Çelebi insisted on continuing the siege from land. In 1411, the Byzantine Emperor released Orhan Çelebi, the son of Süleyman Çelebi, who was held hostage in Istanbul. Orhan Çelebi gathered soldiers for himself and started a rebellion in Thessaloniki. However, this rebellion was suppressed before Moses left the siege of Constantinople. These troops then raided the Byzantine region of Thessaly.
Musa Çelebi's harsh nature and isolation from his supporters led to their resentment. For example, although the high walls he built around the Old Palace were suitable for his personal security; It symbolized his separation from the people and his supporters. He saw the power, spoils and fiefs given to the Gazi raiders in the Balkans as privileges and began to reduce them, thus offending the Gazi emirs on the borders. With the ideas of Sheikh Bedreddin , whom he appointed as Sheikh al-Islam , he angered both the Sunnis from the madrasah and the rich notables of the country. The Çandarlı viziers, who were in control of the administration of the state, entered into secret negotiations with Byzantium and Mehmet Çelebi, who found them in Anatolia.
The Byzantine Emperor sent a secret envoy to Bursa in early 1412 and invited Mehmet Çelebi to Istanbul. He convinced him to fight against Musa Çelebi with a magnificent reception ceremony that lasted 3 days. The Byzantines took Mehmet Çelebi's army across the Bosphorus to Rumelia, and in October 1412, the two brothers fought the Battle of Inceğiz. Musa Çelebi was victorious in this battle. Mehmet Çelebi was injured. He retreated to Istanbul and then to Bursa. Mehmet Çelebi was not discouraged by this. At the end of that year, he came with a new army, crossed the Bosphorus and marched against Musa Çelebi with Byzantine and Serbian military reinforcements. A series of clashes took place, and in this second clash, Musa Çelebi won and pushed his brother back to Bursa. On June 15, 1413, Mehmet Çelebi sent soldiers to Thrace via the Black Sea with a new army. Musa Çelebi's soldiers lost morale at this time and the commanders turned away from Musa Çelebi. This time, the two brother armies engaged in the Battle of Visa. This time Musa Çelebi was defeated and fled from the battlefield. But he did not go to Edirne. Mehmet Çelebi struggled for a while in Thrace to capture Musa Çelebi. On July 5, 1413, Musa Çelebi was trapped with a small army in Çamurlu Derbendi, located around Samkov, near Sofia; showed great resistance; seriously injured; While trying to escape, he fell into a paddy field. Mehmet Çelebi soldiers caught Musa Çelebi here and immediately strangled him and killed him. Musa Çelebi's body was sent to Bursa and buried in Yıldırım's tomb next to his brothers İsa Çelebi and Emir Süleyman.
Thus, the last phase of the Interregnum , which was a very dangerous period that divided the Ottoman Empire into two and threatened its future survival as a single state, ended.
Mehmet Çelebi between 1402-1413
Mehmet Çelebi was the commander of the reserve and rearguard units of the Ottoman army in the Battle of Ankara. Since he was not on the front lines of this war, he could easily leave the battlefield after the defeat and defeat. He began to retreat towards Amasya, where he was the sanjak lord, with his soldiers loyal to him. He had to engage in a conflict because a detachment affiliated with Candaroğulları blocked his path, and he emerged victorious from this conflict. He went to Tosya first. Then he went to Bolu to go to Bursa . However, his advisors Hacı İvaz Pasha, Amasyalı Beyazıd Pasha and other experienced gentlemen objected to this decision and dissuaded him from going to Bursa. He followed the developments at the end of the war, especially Timur's campaigns in Bursa and Izmir and the news of his father's captivity, through spy messengers from Bolu. As it is known, the Anatolian Rulers, whose states were taken away from them, complained to Timur Khan about Yıldırım Bayezid, who took over their country and dethroned them, and as a result, Timur Khan decided to wage an inevitable war with the Ottoman Ruler, whom he had warned many times through letters. The Timurid and Ottoman Army met in Ankara for the war and Timur Khan won the war after a tough battle. The Turkish rulers of Anatolia, whose thrones were taken away from them, were with Timur Khan with their military forces. Next to Yıldırım Bayezid, that is, next to the Ottoman Empire, there was only the Dulkadiroğlu State. When Timur entered Anatolia, Dulkadir raiders, who raided Timur's army to support the Ottomans, were trying to reduce Timur's power by capturing his horses and men. Dulkadiroğulları, who seriously supported the Ottomans, sent troops from the army of the Dulkadiroğlu State to support Yıldırım Bayezid in the Battle of Ankara and fought.
Timur appointed Kara Devletşah as the administrative emir of Amasya and its region. The people of Amasya were not happy with this administrator and called Mehmet Çelebi. He also secretly left Bolu in 1403 with a force of 1000 people. Kara Devletşah, who was busy collecting plunder by attacking towns and villages in the Amasya region, entered Amasya after making a sudden raid on him and killing him.
Amasya was separated from the Ottoman lands because Timur had given back the old principalities to the Anatolian rulers and the lands under Ottoman administration had become very narrow. Thus, Mehmet Çelebi's reign in this region was not as a local administrator affiliated with the Ottoman Empire, but as an Ottoman prince assuming the administration of the semi-autonomous Emirate of Amasya, which recognized Timur's supreme sovereignty, received a charter from him for the emirate and gave him annual compensation. was.
He was summoned to his presence by Timur, who learned of his successes. He set out from Amasya to see Timur, with the hope that he would be given the Ottoman sultanate. However, Turkmen lords blocked his way twice in Osmancık and Mürted, so he had to return to Amasya. He reported the situation to Timur via messenger. Timur accepted his apology and sent him a certificate with a red stamp, a crown, a belt and a cardigan, stating that he approved him to be the commander of the Rumiye-i Sugra region consisting of the Amasya-Tokat-Sivas regions. As a warrant, he had coins minted in Amasya in 1403, with both Timur's and his own names written on them.
Upon the proposal of his advisor, Subaşı Eyne Bey, he wrote a letter to his brother İsa Çelebi, who was near Bursa, and suggested that Anatolia be divided among them, but İsa Çelebi did not accept this offer because he was his great brother . Thereupon, Çelebi Mehmet marched on Bursa in 1404. He fought the Battle of Ulubat with his brother İsa Çelebi and emerged victorious. He entered Bursa and announced that he was the Ottoman ruler in Anatolia. In order not to attract the anger of Timur, who had returned to Samarkand at that time, he adopted a cunning policy and minted new silver coins bearing both his and Timur's names in Bursa in 806 Hijri under the name "Sikke-i müştereke". According to some sources, Çelebi Mehmet had his father's body, which was with Germiyanoğlu Yakup Bey, brought to Bursa and buried next to the mosque his father had built.
In order to remove Çelebi Mehmet from Bursa, his brother İsa Çelebi made several attempts between 1404-1405. Although İsa Çelebi marched against Çelebi Mehmet in Bursa (first with the army he received from his brother Süleyman Çelebi in Edirne, and then with the soldiers given by Candaroğlu, Aydınoğlu, Saruhan and Menteşe Beys), Çelebi Mehmet defeated him each time. pushed back. Eventually İsa Çelebi fled to the Karamanoğulları; But Çelebi Mehmet, who had become a powerful force in Anatolia, made an agreement with the Karamanoğlu Bey and had İsa Çelebi expelled from the Karamanoğlu country. İsa Bey hid for a while in Sultanönü. In 1406, while he was bathing in a bathhouse in Eskişehir, he was captured and drowned by Çelebi Mehmet's men.
Thus, Çelebi Mehmet, the sole ruler of the Ottoman Anatolian lands, this time became the only rival of Süleyman Çelebi, who had been sitting on the throne as a legitimate Ottoman ruler in Edirne since 1402 and ruling the Ottoman Rumelia lands. In 1406, Emir Süleyman went to Anatolia with the soldiers he collected from Rumelia with the support of Byzantium. Çelebi Mehmet, who was in Bursa, realized that he could not resist this attack with the soldiers under his command and had to leave Bursa and retreat to Amasya. Süleyman Çelebi marched on Ankara and took this city as well, and plundered the areas left by Çelebi Mehmet's former rule but with his withdrawal. When Süleyman Çelebi stayed in Bursa and started drinking and carousing here, Çelebi Mehmet immediately took advantage of this and came to Bursa again with his army. The armies of Çelebi Mehmet and Süleyman Çelebi faced each other in Yenişehir. This time, Çelebi Mehmet had the possibility of winning the war. However, Süleyman Çelebi's very experienced grand vizier Çandarlı Ali Pasha caused Çelebi Mehmet's army to disperse by influencing and deceiving Çelebi Mehmet's advisors with various maneuvers. Thereupon, this time without an army, Çelebi Mehmet returned to Amasya.
Çelebi Mehmet stayed in Amasya for three years and made plans and preparations to ascend to the Ottoman throne again. Meanwhile, Süleyman Çelebi was in Bursa as the legitimate Ottoman ruler, did not pursue effective politics other than imposing his superior sovereignty on some Anatolian principalities, and was spending his time with pleasure and entertainment. Çelebi Mehmet attempted to implement a new strategy in 1409. According to this plan, his brother Musa Çelebi would go to Rumelia, gather soldiers and attack Süleyman Çelebi from the Balkans from the west, and when Süleyman Çelebi went to Rumelia to deal with this trouble, Çelebi Mehmet would take action in Anatolia and take back Bursa. If Musa Çelebi was successful, he would become the ruler of Rumelia instead of Süleyman Çelebi.
In 1409, to implement this plan, Çelebi Mehmet contacted his cousin Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey. Musa Çelebi took refuge in Karamanoğlu. The two brothers met in the Cemele castle near Kırşehir and agreed on this plan. Musa Çelebi went to Wallachia with a ship via Sinop with the help of Candaroğulları and was well received by Wallachian Voivode Mircea. Süleyman Çelebi learned about this development while he was in Ayasoluğ, and Süleyman Çelebi took Aydınoğlu Cüneyd Bey with him and moved to Rumelia. Süleyman Çelebi soon went to Istanbul and negotiated with the Byzantine Emperor, and according to the agreement, in order to get support from Byzantium, in order to ensure the safety of Thrace and easy passage through the Straits , in order to avoid possible disputes, he sent his brother Kasım and his sister Fatima to Byzantium. He gave it to . Immediately afterwards, he made a peace agreement with the Karamanoğulları. But Çelebi Mehmet, who took advantage of the opportunity of Süleyman Çelebi's departure from Bursa, immediately came to Bursa with his army and seized the Ottoman government in Anatolia. The second phase of the plan resulted in Musa Çelebi fighting against Süleyman Çelebi with the army he established in the Balkans, without any intervention from Çelebi Mehmet, and finally on 13 February 1411, by raiding Edirne, trapping Süleyman Çelebi and killing him while he was running away. Musa Çelebi ascended the throne as the ruler of Ottoman Rumelia in Edirne, and thus the strategic plan was successfully implemented. However, neither side had given up on the ideal of the Ottoman Empire becoming a single state again.
Musa Çelebi, who started to rule in Edirne, started to besiege Constantinople to punish Byzantium for the close support it gave to his brother Süleyman Çelebi, whom he succeeded. Byzantine Emperor II. Manuel found the best solution to eliminate this siege by completely eliminating Musa Çelebi's political power through the efforts of his brother Mehmet Çelebi. For this reason, in early 1412, he sent a secret envoy to Çelebi Mehmet, who was reigning in the palace in Bursa. The duty of this secret envoy was to inform the Byzantine Emperor II. It was to declare that Manuel wanted to make an alliance with him and that he wanted to support Çelebi Mehmet's capture of Edirne and Rumelia through this alliance, and thus that he wanted the Ottoman Empire to become a single state under the sultanate of Çelebi Mehmet. The possibility of becoming the sultan of this single Ottoman State was much more important for Çelebi Mehmet than the undesirability of the alliance with Byzantium, and Çelebi Mehmet accepted this alliance offer.
Çelebi Mehmet soon went to Hrisopolis (Moren Üsküdar). There II. He was welcomed by Manuel and together they went to Constantinople on a Byzantine ship and were hosted at the imperial palace of Çelebi Mehmet. II. Manuel entertained his guest in a most magnificent manner. While this was going on, Mehmet Çelebi's Ottoman army was being transferred to the Rumelia side by Byzantine ships in the Bosphorus. Within four days, the Anatolian Ottoman army of 15,000 people moved to the Rumelia side. Mehmet Çelebi, who was the leader of this army, marched on the Rumelian army of Musa Çelebi, which was besieging Constantinople. The two armies started fighting in Inceğiz, near Çatalca, in October 1412. The Battle of Inceğiz was not successful for Çelebi Mehmet's army and Musa Çelebi's army became superior. Mehmet Çelebi was injured in this war; He retreated first to Istanbul and from there to Bursa.
