Ottoman Empire rise period

The rise period of the Ottoman Empire is the period that is accepted to come after the foundation period of the Ottoman Empire (1299-1453). There are different opinions about when this period of maturity, which is accepted to have started with the Conquest of Istanbul on May 29, 1453, ended. While Ottoman intellectual Kâtip Çelebi states that this period of the empire lasted until the emergence of the Celalis in 1593, Naîmâ declares the Vienna defeat in 1683 as the end of this period and the beginning of a new one


ıt is also stated that this period continued until 1566, the year of the end of the reign of Suleiman I , or until 1579, the year of the death of Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha .The division made by Naîmâ according to Ibn Khalduns understanding of history was generally adopted by later Ottoman historians and it was accepted that this period lasted until the last quarter of the 17th century.

During this period, the Ottoman Empire spread to North Africa and the Middle East and took control of important parts of Eastern Europe and reached the gates of Vienna It fought with the Shiite Safavid State, which emerged in the East at the beginning of the 16th century, due to sectarian differences and political reasons. With the fall of Egypt to the Ottomans as a result of Selim I 's Great Egyptian Expedition in 1516-1517, the empire gained its first North African territory and reached the capacity to expand to three continents.


REGIONAL CHANGE
regional growth of the Ottoman Empire during the rise period , II. It started with the Conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed on 29 May 1453 . Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror continued to consolidate the empire's position in the Balkans and Anatolia by conquering Serbia in 1454-55 and the Morea in 1458-59. Trebizond was conquered in 1461 and Bosnia in 1463 . Many Venetian territories in Greece were conquered during the Ottoman-Venetian War of 1463-79. In 1474, the Ottomans annexed their rival in Anatolia, the Karamanoğulları Principality . In 1480, the occupation of Otranto , held by the Kingdom of Naples in Italy , began; but the following year II. Mehmed's sudden death led to the Ottoman retreat.

Period of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (1451–1481)
On May 29, 1453, the Ottoman Turks besieged Istanbul , the capital of the Byzantine Empire , and conquered the city after an intense siege of about two months . The collapse of the Eastern Roman Empire, which once dominated almost the entire Mediterranean , caused great consternation in the Christian world. Hagia Sophia , one of the largest and most important cathedrals of Christianity , was built during World War II to symbolize the victory of Muslims . It was converted into a mosque by Mehmed and a new regulation was created by starting construction activities in the city.
After the Ottomans took control of many of the regions around Istanbul, II . They bombarded the city on Mehmed's orders.After breaching the city walls with heavy artillery , the Ottoman army of more than 80,000 soldiers defeated the small Byzantine forces inside the walls . During the clashes, the last Byzantine Emperor XI. Constantine died and his empire ended with the fall of the city.Constantinople became the capital of the state from the date of its conquest until 1922, when the Ottoman Empire ended, and was often referred to as "Istanbul" or "Konstantiniyye".

The Byzantine Empire was already nearing its end when Istanbul was conquered. Only the capital, a land west of the capital, and the southern part of Greece remained in the hands of the empire. In 1204, the Crusaders and their allies , the Venetians , sacked Constantinople in a brutal attack on the city on the way to the Fourth Crusade . Civilians were raped and killed, churches and some monuments were destroyed, and the city was razed to the ground.II. When Mehmed ascended to the Ottoman throne, he was determined to conquer this city, which served as a buffer zone between Anatolia and Rumelia and which many rulers had dreamed of capturing for centuries, and he eventually achieved his goal

ın this article ı briefly gave information abaout Fatih Sultan Mehmet and conguest of istanbul.