The Pax Romana (27 BCE – 180 CE) was a golden age of peace and prosperity across the Roman Empire, marked by stable governance and economic growth.

Innovations in roads, aqueducts, and legal systems strengthened Rome’s infrastructure and administration. Art, literature, and trade flourished as the empire reached its peak.

However, as imperial stability declined due to weak rulers and internal conflicts, this era of relative peace came to an end, leading to growing unrest and eventual crises.