Prophet Mohammed (s)
Our great prophet :
Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim[41] was born in Mecca[42] about the year 570,[1] and his birthday is believed to be in the month of Rabi' al-awwal.[43] He belonged to the Quraysh tribe's Banu Hashim clan, which was one of the more distinguished families in the city, although the clan seems to have experienced a lack of prosperity during his early years.[11]šššš
The name Muhammad means "praiseworthy" in Arabic and it appears four times in the Quran.[44]
He was also known as al-Amin (lit.ā'faithful') when he was young; however, historians differ as to whether it was given by people as a reflection of his nature[45] or was simply a given name from his parents, i.e. a masculine form of his mother's name "Amina".[46] Muhammad acquired the kunya of Abu al-Qasim later in his life after the birth of his son Qasim, who died two years afterwards.[47]
Islamic tradition states that Muhammad's birth year coincided with Yemeni King Abraha's unsuccessful attempt to conquer Mecca.[48] Recent studies, however, challenge this notion, as other evidence suggests that the expedition, if it had occurred, would have transpired substantially before Muhammad's birth.ššš
Later Muslim scholars presumably linked Abraha's renowned name to the narrative of Muhammad's birth to elucidate the unclear passage about "the men of elephants" in Quran.
Life of Mohammad
Muhammad's father, Abdullah, died almost six months before he was born.[54] According to Islamic tradition, soon after birth he was sent to live with a Bedouin family in the desert, as desert life was considered healthier for infants; some western scholars reject this tradition's historicity.[55] Muhammad stayed with his foster-mother, Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb, and her husband until he was two years old. At the age of six, Muhammad lost his biological mother Amina to illness and became an orphan.[55][56] For the next two years, until he was eight years old, Muhammad was under the guardianship of his paternal grandfather Abd al-Muttalib, of the Banu Hashim clan until his death. He then came under the care of his uncle Abu Talib, the new leader of the Banu Hashim.[6]
Islamic tradition states that when Muhammad was either nine or twelve while accompanying the Meccans' caravan to Syria, he met a Christian monk or hermit named Bahira who is said to have foreseen Muhammad's career as a prophet of God.[57] In his teens, Muhammad accompanied his uncle on Syrian trading journeys to gain experience in commercial trade.[58]
Little is known of Muhammad during his later youth as available information is fragmented, making it difficult to separate history from legend.[58] He reportedly became a merchant and "was involved in trade between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea".[59] His reputation attracted a proposal in 595 from Khadijah, a successful businesswoman. Muhammad consented to the marriage, which by all accounts was a happy one.[59]Timeline of Muhammad's lifeImportant dates and locations in the life of MuhammadDateAgeEventc. 570āDeath of his father, Abdullahc. 5700Possible date of birth: 12 or 17 Rabi al Awal: in Mecca, Arabiac. 5776Death of his mother, Aminac. 58312ā13His grandfather transfers him to Syriac. 59524ā25Meets and marries Khadijahc. 59928ā29Birth of Zainab, his first daughter, followed by: Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatima Zahra61040Qur'anic revelation begins in the Cave of Hira on the Jabal an-Nour, the "Mountain of Light" near Mecca. At age 40, Angel Jebreel (Gabriel) was said to appear to Muhammad on the mountain and call him "the Prophet of Allah"Begins in secret to gather followers in Meccac. 61343Begins spreading message of Islam publicly to all Meccansc. 61443ā44Heavy persecution of Muslims beginsc. 61544ā45Emigration of a group of Muslims to Ethiopiac. 61645ā46Banu Hashim clan boycott begins61949Banu Hashim clan boycott endsThe year of sorrows: Khadija (his wife) and Abu Talib (his uncle) diec. 62049ā50Isra and Mi'raj (reported ascension to heaven to meet God)62251ā52Hijra, emigration to Medina (called Yathrib)62453ā54Battle of Badr62554ā55Battle of Uhud62756ā57Battle of the Trench (also known as the siege of Medina)62857ā58The Meccan tribe of Quraysh and the Muslim community in Medina sign a 10-year truce called the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah63059ā60Conquest of Mecca63261ā62Farewell pilgrimage, event of Ghadir Khumm, and death, in what is now Saudi Arabia