■ GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT

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19 Feb 2023

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■ GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT OF 1858

#Historicalbackground

◇ India will now be governed by, and in the name of, Her Majesty.

◇ Designation of Governor-General of India will now be changed to that of Viceroy of India.

◇ It ended the system of Double government by abolishing the Board of Control and Court of Directors.

◇ Created a new office, Sectetary of State for India, vested with complete authority and control over Administration.

◇ It established a 15 - member council of india to assist the secretary of state of India.

◇ It constituted the secretary of state in council as a body corporate, capable of suing and being sued in India.

🔺️ CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT

#Federalsystem

1. Political scientists have classified governments into unitary and federal on the basis of the nature of relations between the national government and the regional governments.

2. Unitary government - all the powers are vested in the national government and the regional governments, if at all exist, derive their authority from the national government.

3. Federal government - powers are divided between the national government and the regional governments by the Constitution itself and both operate in their respective jurisdictions independently.

4. Britain, France, Japan, China, Italy, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Spain and so on have the unitary model of government while the US, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Russia, Brazil, Argentina and so on have the federal model of government